Three serial, perceptual-motor tasks were administered to experimental groups representing three different levels of training in the reading and writing (formographic) skills of our culture, and responses scored in such a way as to indicate the degree of left-to-right set in each S's manipulation of task materials. Results indicated that there was a highly significant relationship between Ss' level of literacy and their preference for left-to-right manipulation of the serial materials. This preference was related to the hypothesis that formographic skills may well actually impose, rather than merely reflect, a directional set on perceptual-motor operations.
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