Norms for three visual memory tasks, including Corsi's block tapping test and the BEM 144 complex figures and visual recognition, were developed for neuropsychological assessment in Brazilian children. The tasks were measured in 127 children ages 7 to 10 years from rural and urban areas of the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Analysis indicated age-related but not sex-related differences. A cross-cultural effect was observed in relation to copying and recall of Complex pictures. Different performances between rural and urban children were noted.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BritoG. N. O.AlfradiqueG. M. N.PereiraC. C. S.PortoC. M. B., & SantosT. R. (1998) Developmental norms for eight instruments used in the neuropsychological assessment in children: studies in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Medical Biological Research, 31, 399–412.
2.
CohenL. B., & GelberE. R. (1975) Infant visual memory. In CohenL. B. & SalapatekP. (Eds.), Infant reception from sensation to cognition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Pp. 347–403.
3.
DellatolasG.BragaL. W.SouzaL. N.FilhoG. N.QueirozE., & DelocheG. (2003) Cognitive consequences of early phase of literacy. Journal of International Neuropsychology and Sociology, 9, 771–782.
4.
DellatolasG.von AsterM.BragaL. W.MeierM., & DelocheG. (2000) Number processing and mental calculation in children aged 7 to 10 years: a transcultural comparison. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9(Suppl. 2), 102–110.
5.
FaganJ. F. (1990) The paired comparison paradigm and infant intelligence. Annals of the New York Academic Sciences, 608, 337–364.
6.
FieldT. M.CohenD.GarciaR., & GreenbergR. (1984) Mother stranger face discrimination by newborn. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 19–25.
7.
GathercoleS. E., & BaddeleyA. D. (1993) Working memory and language. Hove, UK: Erlbaum.
8.
GesellA. (1948) Studies in child development. New York: Harper & Row.
9.
IssacsE. B., & Vargha-KhademF. (1989) Differential course of developmental components of spatial and verbal memory span: normative study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 377–380.
10.
JambaquéI.DellatolasG.DulacO.PonsotG., & SignoretJ. L. (1993) Verbal and visual memory impairment in children with epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 31, 1321–1337.
11.
JambaquéI.DellatolasG.DulacO., & SignoretJ. L. (1991) Validation de la batterie d'efficience mnésique BEM 144 chez l'enfant d'âge scolaire. Approche Neuropsychologique Des Apprentissages Chez L'enfant, 3, 125–135.
12.
JambaquéI.DellatolasG., & NonnezG. (1993) Reconnaissance et rappel de figures chez le jeune enfant. Approche Neuropsychologique Des Apprentissages Chez L'enfant, 5, 13–20.
13.
JarroldC.BaddeleyA. D., & HewesA. K. (1999) Dissociating working memory: evidence from Down's and Williams Syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 37, 637–651.
14.
KarapetsasA. B., & KantasA. (1991) Visuomotor organization in the child: a neuropsychological approach. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 211–217.
15.
KarapetsasA. B., & VlachosF. M. (1997) Sex and handedness in development of visuomotor skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85, 137–140.
16.
KesselsR. P. C.van ZandvoortM. J. E.PostmaA.KappelleL. J., & de HaanE. H. F. (2000) The Corsi block-tapping task: standardization and normative data. Applied Neuropsychology, 7, 252–258.
17.
LehmanJ., & BreenM. J. (1982) A comparative analysis of the Bender-Gestalt and Berry/Buctenica Test of Visual-motor Integration as a function of grade level for regular students. Psychology in the Schools, 19, 52–55.
18.
LezakM. D. (1995) Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford Univer. Press.
19.
LogieR. H., & PearsonD. G. (1997) The inner eye and the inner scribe of visual working memory: evidence from developmental fractionation. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9, 241–257.
20.
Mati-ZissiH., & ZafiropoulouM. (2003) Visuomotor coordination and visuospatial working memory of children with specific reading disabilities: a study using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 543–546.
21.
MehlerJ. (1982) Studies and development of cognitive processes. In MehlerJ. (Ed.), U-shaped behavioural growth. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 271–294.
22.
MilnerB. (1971) Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. British Medical Bulletin, 27, 272–277.
23.
NichelliF.BulgheroniS., & RivaD. (2001) Developmental patterns of verbal and visuospatial spans. Neurological Science, 22, 377–384.
24.
OrsiniA.SchiappaO., & GrossiD. (1981) Sex and cultural differences in children's spatial and verbal memory span. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53, 39–42.
25.
PompéiaS.MirandaM. C., & BuenoO. F. A. (2001) A set of 400 pictures standardised for Portuguese: norms for name agreement, familiarity and visual complexity for children and adults. Arquivos Neuropsiquiatria, 59(2-B), 330–337.
26.
SantosF. H., & BuenoO. F. A. (2003) Validation of the Brazilian Children's Test of Pseudo-word Repetition in Portuguese speakers aged 4–10 years. Brazilian Journal of Medical Biology Research, 36, 1533–1547.
27.
SantosF. H.MelloC. B.XavierG. F., & BuenoO. F. A. (2001) Fluência verbal semântica em crianças de 4 a 10 anos. In XVI Reunião Anual da Federação da Sociedade de Biologia Experimental (FESBE), Caxambu-SP. (Abstract 1.355, p. 268)
28.
SignoretJ. L. (1991) Batterie d'efficience mnésique-BEM 144. Paris: Elsevier.
29.
ThorndikeR. L.HagenE. P., & SattlerJ. M. (1986) Technical manual for the fourth Edition Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS-R). Chicago, IL: Riverside.
30.
WaltonG. E.BowerN. J. A., & BowerT. G. R. (1992) Recognition of family faces by newborns. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 265–269.
