This study compared use of imagery in elite male and female athletes in open and closed and individual or team sports. A total of 151 elite Turkish athletes ages 15 to 29 years old (males' M age = 20.7 yr., SD = 3.3; females' M age = 20.0 yr., SD = 3.5) from open-team sports (n = 66), open-individual sports (n = 26), and closed-individual sports (n = 59) completed the Sport Imagery Questionnaire. A significant multivariate effect of sport type was found. Univariate analyses indicated that male and female athletes in team open-skill sports and individual closed-skill sports used more Motivational General–Mastery imagery than did athletes in individual open-skill sports.
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