Children with cleft lip and/or palate differ in facial morphology and dentition from normal noncleft children. This paper reviews the current understanding of early dento-maxillary development in children with palatal clefts and the role of presurgical orthopedic treatment prior to primary palatal surgery. Finally, shortcomings of previous approaches to studying the outcome of treatment are presented, with a challenge to reevaluate how success is measured in the new millennium.
BeckerM.SvenssonH.McWilliamJ.KallenB.. Height, weight and cranial circumference of new-born CL(P) patients. In: Transactions of the Eighth International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies.Singapore; 1997: 956–957.
2.
BerkowitzS.. Neonatal Maxillary Orthopedics in Cleft Lip and Palate. Vol I. Manchester: Manchester University Press;1990.
3.
BokhoutB.. Dental Caries in Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit;1996. Dissertation.
4.
BurstoneW.R.. The early orthodontic treatment cleft palate conditions.Dent Pract.1958; 9: 41–52.
5.
Felix-SchollaartB.. Solitary, Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Comparison Between Cleft Lip, Cleft Lip and Palate and Cleft Palate on Epidemiologic Characteristics and Growth.Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit;1989. Dissertation.
6.
Felix-SchollaartB.HoeksmaJ.B.Prahl-AndersenB.. Growth comparison between children with cleft lip and/or palate and controls.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.1992; 29: 475–480.
7.
GoldsteinH.. Multilevel Models.New York: Oxford University Press;1987.
8.
HeidbüchelKLWMKuijpers-JagtmanA.M.KramerG.J.C.Prahl-AndersenB.. Maxillary arch dimensions in bilateral cleft lip and palate from birth until four years of age in boys.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.1998; 35: 233–239.
9.
HoeksmaJ.B.van der BeekM.C.J.. Multilevel modeling of longitudinal cephalometric data explained for orthodontists.Eur J Orthod.1991; 13: 197–201.
10.
HotzM.M.GnoinskiW.M.. Effects of early maxillary orthopaedics in co-ordination with delayed surgery for the lip and palate.J Maxillofac Surg.1979; 7: 201–210.
11.
HotzM.M.GnoinskiW.M.PerkoM.NussbaumerH.HofE.HaubensakR.. Early treatment of cleft lip and palate. In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, 1984.Bern: Hans Huber; 1986: 368–372.
12.
HuddartA.G.. An evaluation of presurgical treatment.Br J Orthod.1973; 11: 21–25.
KonstE.M.BraksJ.T.M.RietveldA.C.M.PetersH.F.M.. Speech and language evaluation. In: A Study into the Effects of Presurgical Orthopaedic Treatment in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.Nijmegen University Press, 1996: 31–49.
15.
KowalskiC.F.Prahl-AndersenB.. General considerations in the studies of growth and development. In: Prahl-AndersenB.KowalskiC.J.HeydendaelP., eds. A Mixed-Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study of Growth and Development.New York: Academic;1979: 3–13.
16.
KramerG.J.C.. Early Dento-Maxillary Development in Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit;1994. Dissertation.
17.
KramerG.J.C.HoeksmaJ.B.Prahl-AndersenB.. Emergence of the deciduous incisors in CLP children.Eur J Orthod.1989; 11: 265–270.
18.
KramerG.J.C.HoeksmaJ.B.Prahl-AndersenB.. Emergence of the deciduous canines and molars in CLP children.Eur J Orthod.1993; 15: 65–72.
19.
KriensO.. Three-dimensional model analysis of infants with clefts using the reflex microscope. In: KriensO.ThiemeG., eds. What Is a Cleft Lip and Palate?Stuttgart: Verlag;1989: 139–142.
20.
Kuijpers-JagtmanA.M.PrahlC.. A Study into the Effects of Presurgical Orthopaedic Treatment in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients. Interim Analysis.Nijmegen University Press, 1996: 23–30.
21.
LaRossaD.. The state of the art in cleft palate surgery.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.2000; 37: 225–228.
22.
MullikenJ.B.. Repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity: state of the art.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.2000; 37: 342–347.
23.
PöyryM.RantaR.. Emergence of deciduous teeth in children with oral clefts.Proc Finn Dent Soc.1985; 81: 171–176.
24.
Prahl-AndersenB.KowalskiC.F.. Analysis of cohort effects in mixed longitudinal data sets.Int J Sports Med.1997; 18: 186–190.
25.
PruzanskyS.AdussH.. Archform and the decidous dentition in complete unilateral clefts.Cleft Palate J.1964; 1: 411–418.
26.
RosensteinS.W.. A new concept in the early orthopedic treatment of cleft lip and palate.Am J Orthod.1969; 55: 765–775.
27.
SchendelS.A.. Unilateral cleft lip repair: state of the art.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.2000; 37: 335–341.
28.
SeverensJ.L.PrahlC.Kuijpers-JagtmanA.M.Prahl-AndersenB.. Short-term cost-effectiveness analysis of presurgical orthopedic treatment in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.1998; 35: 222–226.
29.
SubtelnyJ.D.. Oral orthopaedics for cleft palate: When and why. In: HotzR., ed. Early Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate.Bern/Stuttgart/Hubeer; 1964; 159–170.
