Our aim was to evaluate the isolated effects of cheiloplasty and palatoplasty on dentofacial morphology. Ninety-three lateral cephalograms of white male adult patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were analyzed in this study. The sample was divided into three groups according to the surgical treatment received: (1) nonoperated group (NO) — 35 patients without surgical treatment; (2) operated lip group (OL) — 23 subjects with lip closure only, (3) operated lip and palate group (OLP) — 35 individuals with both lip and palatal closure. No statistically significant differences in the cephalometric measurements between the OL and OLP groups were found. There were, however, several significant differences between these two groups (OL and OLP) and the nonoperated group (NO). Thus, the differences in dentofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, seem to be influenced principally by the surgically repaired lip. Influences of the palatal repair appeared to be minimal and statistically insignificant.
BardachJ., EisbachK.J.The influence of primary unilateral cleft lip repair on facial growth. Part 1. Lip pressure.Cleft Palate J1977; 14: 88–97.
2.
BardachJ., MooneyM.P., BakowskaJ.The influence of lip repair on facial growth: a comparative study in rabbits, beagles, and humans. In: WilliamsH.B., ed. Transactions of Seventh International Congress on Plastic Reconstructive Surgery.Canada: RBT Printing, 1983.
3.
BardachJ., MooneyM.P.The relationship between lip pressure following lip repair and craniofacial growth: an experimental study in beagles.Plast Reconstr Surg1984; 73: 544–555.
4.
BardachJ., MorrisH.L., OlinW.H.Late results of primary veloplasty: the Marburg project.Plast Reconstr Surg1984; 73: 207–215.
5.
BardachJ., KellyK.The influence of lip repair with and without soft-tissue undermining on facial growth in beagles.Plast Reconstr Surg1988; 82: 747–755.
6.
BisharaS.E.Cephalometric evaluation of facial growth in operated and unoperated individuals with isolated clefts of the palate.Cleft Palate J1973; 10: 239–246.
7.
Capelozza FilhoL.Jr.. Taniguchi SM, da Silva Filho, Jr. OG. Craniofacial morphology of adult unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.Cleft Palate Craniofac J1993; 30: 376–381.
8.
DahlE.Craniofacial morphology in congenital clefts of the lip and palate. An x-ray cephalometric study of young adult males.Acta Odontol Scand Suppl1970; 28: 57.
9.
DahlE., KreiborgS., JensenB.L., Fogh-AndersenP.Comparison of craniofacial morphology in infants with incomplete cleft lip and infants with isolated cleft palate.Cleft Palate J1982; 19: 258–266.
10.
DahlE., KrieborgS., JensenB.L.Roentgencephalometric studies of infants with untreated cleft lip and palate. In: KriensO., ed. What is a cleft lip and palate? A multidisciplinary update.Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1989: 113–115.
11.
da Silva FilhoO.G., CavassanA.D., NormandoA.D.C.Influência da palatoplastia no padrão facia] de pacientes portadores de fissura pós-forame incisivo.Rev Bras Criurg1989; 79: 315–322.
12.
da Silva FilhoO.G., LaurisR.C.M.C., CavassanA.D.Pacientes fissurados de lábio e palato: efeitos suscitados pela queiloplastia.Ortodontia1990; 23(3): 25–34.
13.
da Silva FilhoO.G., RamosA.L., Capelozza FilhoL.Influência da queiloplastia nas dimensões e forma do arco dentário superior em adultos fissurados de lábioe palato.Rev Bras Orthodont1991; 9: 269–275.
14.
da Silva FilhoO.G., NormandoA.D.C., Capelozza FiloL.Jr.. Mandibular morphology and spatial position in patients with clefts: intrinsic or iatrogenic?Cleft Palate Craniofac J1992a; 29: 369–375.
15.
da Silva FilhoO.G., RamosA.L., AbdoR.C.C.The influence of unilateral cleft lip and palate on maxillary dental arch morphology.Angle Orthod1992b; 62: 283–290.
16.
da Silva FilhoO.G., NormandoA.D.C., Capelozza FilhoL.Jr.. Mandibular growth in cleft lip and/or palate patients. The influence of cleft type.Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1993; 104: 269–275.
17.
EisbachK.J., BardachJ., KlausnerE.C.The influence of primary unilateral cleft lip repair on facial growth: Part 2. Direct cephalometry of the skull.Cleft Palate J1978; 15: 109–117.
18.
FriedeH., MöllerM., LiijaJ., LauritzenC., JohansonB.Facial morphology and occlusion at the stage of early mixed dentition in cleft lip and palate patients treated with delayed closure of the hard palate.Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg1987; 21: 65–71.
19.
GraberT.M.The congenital cleft palate deformity.J Am Dent Assoc1954; 48: 375–395.
20.
HagertyR.F., HillM.J.Facial growth and dentition in the unoperated cleft palate.J Dent Res1963; 42: 412–421.
21.
HotzM., GnoinskiW.Comprehensive care of cleft lip and palate children at Zurich University: a preliminary report, Am J Orthod1976; 70: 481–504.
22.
HotzM., GnoinskiW., NussbaumerH., KistlerE.Early maxillary orthopedics in CLP cases: guidelines for surgery.Cleft Palate J1978; 15: 405–411.
23.
HotzM., GnoinskiW.Effects of early maxillary orthopaedics in coordination with delayed surgery for cleft lip and palate.J Maxillofac Surg1979; 7: 201–210.
24.
HotzM., GnoinskiW., PerkoM., NussbaumerH., HofE., HaubensakR. eds. Early treatment of cleft lip and palate.Toronto: Hans Huber,1986.
25.
HuebenerD.V., MarshJ.L.Initial management for cleft lip/palate: 1992 USA survey. 7th International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies, Queensland, Australia, 1993, Abstr 520.
26.
JohnsonG.P.Craniofacial analysis of patient with complete cleft of the lip and palate.Cleft Palate J1980; 17: 17–23.
27.
MarsM., HoustonW.J.B.A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 years of age.Cleft Palate J1990; 27: 7–10.
28.
MarsM., SherriffM.Palatal surgery in infancy is the cause of maxillary growth deformities. Lip surgery causes localised dento-alveolar retrusion, Abstract: 225. 7th International Congress on Cleft Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies, Queensland, Australia, 1993.
29.
NormandoA.D.C., da Silva FilhoO.G., Capelozza FilhoL.Influence of surgery on maxillary growth in cleft lip and/or palate patients.J Craniomaxillofac Surg1992; 20: 111–118.
30.
RossR.B., CoupeT.B.Craniofacial morphology in six pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for cleft lip and palate.J Can Dent Assoc1965; 31: 149–157.
31.
RossR.B., JohnstonM.C.Cleft lip and palate.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins,1972.
32.
RossR.B.Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 3: Alveolus repair and bone grafting.Cleft Palate J1987a; 24: 33–44.
33.
RossR.B.Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 4: Repair of the cleft lip.Cleft Palate J1987b; 24: 45–53.
34.
RossR.B.Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 6: Techniques of palate repair.Cleft Palate J1987c; 24: 64–70.
35.
SchweckendiekW.Primary veloplasty: long term results without maxillary deformity: a twenty-five-year report.Cleft Palate J1978; 15: 268–274.
36.
SembG., ShawW.C.Facial growth in facial clefting disorders. In: FonsecaR.J., VigK.W.L., TurveyT.A. eds. Principles and management of facial clefting disorders and craniosynostosis.Philadelphia: WB Saunders. (In press).
37.
YoshidaH., NakamuraA., MichiK-J, Go-MingW., KanL., Wei-LiuQ.Cephalometric analysis of maxillofacial morphology in unoperated cleft palate patients.Cleft Palate Craniofac J1992; 29: 419–424.
