Abstract
We studied the surface reactions of a LiCoO2/Li cell under high-voltage conditions using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). 2D XPS correlation spectra show that Li2CO3 is formed first by decomposition of the organic solvents, and then polycarbonate, which is formed by polymerization of the electrolytes, is produced on the cathode surface of the LiCoO2/Li system under high-voltage conditions. XAS measurements also confirm that the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is formed on the LiCoO2 electrode by decomposition of the organic solvents. The thickness of the SEI layer is less than 100 Å.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Kanamura
K.
Toriyama
S.
Shiraishi
S.
Ohashi
M.
Takehara
Z.
, J. Electroanal. Chem. 419 , 77 (1996 ).
2.
Aurbach
D.
Markovsky
B.
Rodkin
A.
Levi
E.
Cohen
Y. S.
Kim
H.-J.
Schmidt
M.
, Electrochim. Acta 47 , 4291 (2002 ).
3.
Li
J.
Wang
L.
Zhang
Q.
He
X.
, J. Power Sources 189 , 28 (2009 ).
4.
Belov
D.
Yang
M.-H.
, J. Solid State Electrochem. 12 , 885 (2008 ).
5.
Kumai
K.
Miyashiro
H.
Kobayashi
Y.
Takei
K.
Ishikawa
R.
, J. Power Sources 81–82 , 715 (2003 ).
6.
Baba
Y.
Okada
S.
Yamaki
J.-I.
, Solid State Ionics 148 , 311 (2002 ).
7.
Kong
W.
Li
H.
Huang
X.
Chen
L.
, J. Power Sources 142 , 285 (2005 ).
8.
Matsui
M.
Dokko
K.
Kanamura
K.
, Power Sources 177 , 184 (2008 ).
9.
Wang
X.
Hironaka
T.
Hayashi
E.
Yamada
C.
Naito
H.
Segami
G.
Sakiyama
Y.
Takahashi
Y.
Kibe
K.
, J. Power Sources 168 , 484 (2007 ).
10.
Matsushita
T.
Dokko
K.
Kanamura
K.
, J. Power Sources 146 , 360 (2005 ).
11.
Itoh
T.
Sato
H.
Nishina
T.
Matue
T.
Uchida
I.
, J. Power Sources 68 , 333 (1997 ).
12.
Dupin
J. C.
Gonbeau
D.
Benqlilou-Moudden
H.
Vinatier
Ph.
Levasseur
A.
, Thin Solid Films 384 , 23 (2001 ).
13.
Inaba
M.
Iriyama
Y.
Ogumi
Z.
Todzuka
Y.
Tasaka
A.
, J. Raman Spectrosc. 28 , 613 (1997 ).
14.
Kosova
N. V.
Kaichev
V. V.
Bukhtiyarov
V. I.
Kellerman
D. G.
Devyatkina
E. T.
Larina
T. V.
, J. Power Sources 119–121 , 669 (2003 ).
15.
Jung
Y. M.
Noda
I.
, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 41 , 515 (2006 ).
16.
Noda
I.
Ozaki
Y.
, Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Applications in Vibrational Spectroscopy (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York , 2004 ).
17.
Noda
I.
, Appl. Spectrosc. 47 , 1329 (1993 ).
18.
Park
Y.
Kim
N. H.
Kim
J. Y.
Eom
I.-Y.
Jeong
Y. U.
Kim
M. S.
Lee
S. M.
Choi
H. C.
Jung
Y. M.
, Vib. Spectrosc. 53 , 60 (2010 ).
19.
Choi
H. C.
Jung
Y. M.
Noda
I.
Kim
S. B.
, J. Phys. Chem. B 107 , 5806 (2003 ).
20.
Choi
H. C.
Jung
Y. M.
Kim
S. B.
, Appl. Spectrosc. 57 , 984 (2003 ).
21.
Orman
H. J.
Wiseman
P. J.
, Acta Crystallogr. C 40 , 12 (1984 ).
22.
Dahéron
L.
Dedryvère
R.
Martinez
H.
Ménétrier
M.
Denage
C.
Delmas
C.
Gonbeau
D.
, Chem. Mater. 20 , 583 (2008 ).
23.
Yazami
R.
Ozawa
Y.
Gabrisch
H.
Fultz
B.
, Electrochim. Acta 50 , 385 (2004 ).
24.
Edstrom
K.
Gustafsson
T.
Thomas
J. O.
, Electrochim. Acta 50 , 397 (2004 ).
25.
Dahéron
L.
Dedryvère
R.
Martinez
H.
Ménétrier
M.
Denage
C.
Delmas
C.
Gonbeau
D.
, Chem. Mater. 20 , 583 (2008 ).
26.
Dedryvere
R.
Martinez
H.
Leroy
S.
Lemordant
D.
Bonhomme
F.
Biensan
P.
Gonbeau
D.
, J. Power Sources 174 , 462 (2007 ).
27.
Wu
C.
Bai
Y.
Wu
F.
, J. Power Sources 189 , 89 (2009 ).
28.
Aurbach
D.
Zaban
A.
Gofer
Y.
Ein-Eli
Y.
Weissman
I.
Chusid
O.
Abramson
O.
, J. Power Sources 54 , 76 (1995 ).
29.
Aurbach
D.
Markovsky
B.
Salitra
G.
Markevich
E.
Talyossef
Y.
Koltypin
M.
Nazar
L.
Ellis
B.
Kovacheva
D.
, J. Power Sources 165 , 491 (2007 ).
30.
Profatilova
I. A.
Kim
S.-S.
Choi
N.-S.
, Electrochim. Acta 54 , 4445 (2009 ).
31.
Choi
H. C.
Lee
M. K.
Shin
H. J.
Kim
S. B.
, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 130 , 85 (2003 ).
32.
Stöhr
J.
, NEXAFS Spectroscopy (Springer-Verlag , New York , 1992 ).
33.
Chen
C.-H.
Hwang
B.-J.
Chen
C.-Y.
Hu
S.-K.
Chen
J.-M.
Sheu
H.-S.
Lee
J.-F.
, J. Power Sources 174 , 938 (2007 ).