Normal Raman spectroscopy is used as an on-line detector for capillary electrophoresis (CE) to detect sub-ppm mixtures of nitrate and perchlorate in water. Field-amplified injection, a form of sample stacking, into a running electrolyte of 0.1 M KCl increases the analyte concentration at the detection window by up to 1800 times its starting value. Raman bands of nitrate (1047 cm−1) and perchlorate (934 cm−1) are measured in a total separation time of less than 3 min, with only 1-s integration times. The Raman spectroscopy of solutions originally 1 × 10−5 M nitrate (620 ppb) and perchlorate (1 ppm) is demonstrated.
ForetF. and KrivánkováL, and BocekP., in Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, RadolaB. J., Ed. (VCH, Cambridge/New York, 1993), Chap. 10, pp. 211–333.
2.
HjertenS. and ZhuM. D., J. Chromatogr.327, 157 (1985).
3.
GuttmanA. and CookeN., Anal. Chem.63, 2038 (1991).
4.
HjertenS. and ZhuM. D., J. Chromatogr.346, 265 (1985).
5.
ForetF.DemlM. and KahleV, and BocekP., Electrophoresis7, 430 (1986).
6.
PentoneyS. L.Jr., and SweedlerJ. V., “Optical Detection Techniques for Capillary Electrophoresis”, in Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis, LandersJ. P., Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1994), Chap. 7, pp. 147–183.
7.
WallingfordR. A. and EwingA. G., Anal. Chem.59, 1762 (1987).
8.
ChenC.-Y.DemanaT. and HuangS. D, and MorrisM. D., Anal. Chem.61, 1590 (1989).
9.
PentoneyS. L. and ZareR, and QuintJ., Anal. Chem.61, 1642 (1989).
10.
FangL.ZhangR. and WilliamsE. R, and ZareR. N., Anal. Chem.66, 3696 (1994).
11.
WuN.PeckT. L.WebbA. G. and MaginR. L, and SweedlerJ. V., Anal. Chem.66, 3849 (1994).
12.
TedescoJ. M.OwenH. and PallisterD. M, and MorrisM. D., Anal. Chem.65, 441A (1993).
13.
ChenC.-Y. and MorrisM. D., Appl. Spectrosc.42, 515 (1988).
14.
ChenC.-Y. and MorrisM. D., J. Chromatogr.540, 355 (1991).
15.
DavisK. L.LiuK.-L. and LananM, and MorrisM. D., Anal. Chem.65, 293 (1993).
16.
LiuK.-L. and DavisK. L, and MorrisM. D., Anal. Chem.66, 3744 (1994).
17.
RappT. L.KowalchykW. K.DavisK. L.ToddE. A. and LiuK.-L, and MorrisM. D., Anal. Chem.64, 2434 (1992).
18.
MikkersF. E. P. and EveraertsF. M, and VerheggenTh. P. E. M., J. Chromatogr.169, 11 (1979).
19.
ChienR. L. and BurgiD. S., Anal. Chem.64, 489A (1992).
20.
BocekP.DemlM. and GevauerP, and DolníkB., in Analytical Isotachophoresis, RadolaB. J., Ed. (VCH, Cambridge/New York, 1988), Chap. 3, pp. 17–38.
21.
WandersB. J. and EveraertsF. M., “Isotachophoresis in CE”, in Handbook of Electrophoresis, LandersJ. P., Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1994), Chap. 5. pp. 111–127.
22.
NielenM. W. F., Trends Anal. Chem.12, 345 (1993).
23.
SchwerC. and LottspeichF. J., J. Chromatogr.623, 345 (1992).
24.
HjertenS. J., J. Chromatogr.347, 191 (1988).
25.
BatteyD. E.SlaterJ. B.WludykaR.OwenH. and PallisterD. M, and MorrisM. D., Appl. Spectrosc.47, 1913 (1993).
26.
HarrisonD. J.ManzA.FanZ. and LudiH, and WidmerH. M., Anal. Chem.64, 1926 (1992).
