Variable Infusion Rates Associated with TKO/KVO Abbreviations: A Survey of Illinois Hospital Pharmacists

Abstract

Purpose

To identify variability of infusion rates associated with TKO (to keep open) and KVO (keep vein open) orders in Illinois hospitals.

Method

An Internet survey of Illinois hospital pharmacists was conducted. Existence and identification of standardized rates for TKO/KVO were obtained. Chi-square analysis (significance P = 0.05) of frequency of responses to responders and rates was used.

Results

Sixty-nine (30%) of 230 hospital pharmacy directors responded. The majority of responders (78%) indicated that their institutions defined a standard rate. Rate ranges of 0 to 10, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 50 mL/h were identified as specified TKO infusion rates. A statistically significant difference between frequency of range rates was found (P = 0.05). Six of “no” responders indicated TKO/KVO was an approved abbreviation and required a rate be given for each order. Total responses indicate 87% (60/69) have a standard rate or require a rate be specified.

Conclusion

The majority (87%) of responders indicate a standardized rate for TKO/KVO or require that a rate be indicated for each order. Variability in meaning exists for TKO/KVO infusion rates as fluid requirements differ with clinical status and age. Clarification of flow rates provides consistent interpretation. Each institution should have an approved rate for TKO. A policy requiring a rate for each order should be investigated.