Previous research on female athletes' burnout found that female athletes experienced higher level of burnout than their male counterpart. However, the studies were not able to identify what actually caused such higher level of burnout among female athletes. The purpose of the study was to explore the sources and contexts of burnout among female track and field athletes in a high school. Total of 13 female student-athletes were interviewed to portray their stories of burnouts using narrative inquiry. The burnout sources of female student athletes were identified into three dimensions: stories of physiological burnout as personal dimension, stories of relational burnout as interpersonal dimension, and stories of structural burnout as institutional dimension. In this study, it is indicated that most of the causes in the above three dimensions basically came from multiple role conflicts, future career foreclosure, and invisible female coach recruitment.
BuhrmesterD. and CarberyJ., Daily Patterns of Self-Disclosure During Childhood and Adolescence, in: RotenbergK. J., ed., Disclosure Processes in Children and Adolescents, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, MA, 1992, 10–57.
3.
BuhrmesterD. and FurmanW., Perceptions of Sibling's Relationships During Middle Childhood and Adolescence, Child Development, 1990, 61, 1387–1398.
4.
McCallG. J. and SimmonsJ. L., Identities and Interactions, Free Press, New York, 1978.
5.
Korea Institute of Sport Science, An Analysis of Reality on Academic Activity and Justification of Academic Minimum of Student-Athletes, Samwoo Publisher, Seoul, 2008.
6.
DonnellyP., Problems Associated with Youth Involvement in High-Performance Sport, in: CahillB. R. and PearlA. J., eds., Intensive Participation in Children's Sport, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1993, 95–126.
7.
HumphreyJ. H.YowD. A. and BowdenW. W., Stress in College Athletics: Causes, Consequences, Coping, The Haworth Press, New York, 2000.
8.
DavisH.BotterillC. and MacNeilK., Mood and Self-Regulation Changes in Under Recovery: An Intervention Model, in: KellmannM., ed., Enhancing Recovery: Preventing Underperformance in Athletes, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002, 161–179.
9.
GouldD., Personal Motivation Gone Awry: Burnout in Competitive Athletes, Quest, 1996, 48, 275–289.
10.
GouldD. and DieffenbachK., Overtraining, Underrecovery, and Burnout in Sport, in: KellmannM., ed., Enhancing Recovery: Preventing Underperformance in Athletes, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002, 25–35.
11.
RaglinJ. S. and WilsonG. S., Overtraining in Athletes, in: HaninY. L., ed., Emotions in Sport, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2000, 191–207.
12.
SilvaJ. M., An Analysis of the Training Stress Syndrome in Competitive Athletics, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1990, 2, 5–20.
13.
SmithR. E., Toward a Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout, Journal of Sport Psychology, 1986, 8, 36–50.
14.
SteinackerJ. M. and LehmannM., Clinical Findings and Mechanisms of Stress and Recovery in Athletes, in: KellmannM., ed., Enhancing Recovery: Preventing Underperformance in Athletes, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002, 103–118.
15.
CremadesG. J. and WigginsM. S., Direction and Intensity of Trait Anxiety as Predictors of Burnout Among College Athletes, Athletic Insight, 2008, 10, 5–17.
16.
LaiC. and WigginsM. S., Burnout Perceptions Over Time in NCAA Division I Soccer Players, International Sport Journal. 2003, 7, 120–127.
17.
LeeJ. and CremadesJ. G., Performance, Gender, and Athletes' Burnout in NCAA Division II Basketball Players, Paper Presented at the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology Conference, Minneapolis, MN, 2004, September.
18.
Korea Institute of Sport Science, Sport Indicators in Korea, Samwoo Publisher, Seoul, 2009.
19.
MaslachC. and LeiterM., The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What to Do About It, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1997.
20.
ByrneB. M., Burnout: Testing for the Validity, Replication, and Invariance of Causal Structure across Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 1993, 31, 645–673.
21.
SchaufeliW. B. and BuunkB. P., Burnout: An Overview of 25 Years of Research and Theorizing, in: SchabracqM. J.WinnubstJ. A. M. and CooperC. L., 2nd edn., The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2003, 383–425.
22.
PinesA. M., Burnout: An Existentialistic Perspective, in: SchaufeliWMaslachC., & MarekT., eds., Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 1993, 33–52.
23.
FreudenbergerH. J. and RichelsonG., Burnout: The High Cost of High Achievement, Anchor Press, New York, 1980.
24.
FreudenbergerH. J., Staff Burn-Out Syndrome in Alternative Institutions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 1975, 12, 73–82.
25.
SchaufeliW. B. and EnzmannD., The Burnout Companion to Study and Practice: A Critical Analysis, Taylor and Francis, London, 1998.
26.
CoakleyJ., Burnout Among Adolescent Athletes: A Personal Failure or a Social Problem?, Sociology of Sport Journal, 1992, 9, 271–285.
27.
SchmidtG. W. and SteinG. L., Sport Commitment: A Model Integrating Enjoyment, Dropout and Burnout, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1991, 8, 254–265.
28.
RaedekeT. D., Is Athlete Burnout More Than Stress? A Commitment Perspective, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1997, 19, 396–417.
29.
National Human Rights Commission of Korea, Human Rights of Dropped Out Student Athletes in the Republic of Korea, 2009.
30.
ScanlanT. K.CarpenterP. J.SchmidtG. W.SimonsJ. P. and KeelerB., An Introduction to the Sport Commitment Model, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1993, 15, 1–15.
31.
DeciE. L. and RyanR. M., Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior, Plenum, New York, 1985.
32.
CamicP. M.RhodesJ. E. and YardleyL., Naming the Stars: Integrating Qualitative Methods Into Psychological Research, in: CamicP.RhodesJ. E. and YardleyL., eds., Qualitative Research in Psychology: Expanding Perspectives in Methodology and Design, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 2003, 3–16.
33.
CresswellS. L. and EklundR. C., Athlete Burnout: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study, The Sport Psychologist, 2007, 21, 1–20.
34.
ConnellyM. F. and ClandininJ. D., Stories of Experience and Narrative Inquiry, Educational Researcher, 1990, 19, 2–14.
35.
SmithB. and SparkesA. C., Narrative Inquiry in Psychology: Exploring the Tensions Within, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2006, 3, 169–192.
36.
ClandininD. J. and ConnellyF. M., Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 2000.
37.
FreemanM., Autobiographical Understanding and Narrative Inquiry, in: ClandininD. J., ed., Handbook of Narrative Inquiry, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2007, 120–145.
38.
McLeudJ., Narrative and Psychotherapy, London: Sage, 1997.
39.
DouglasK. and CarlessD., Performance, Discovery, and Relational Narratives Among Women Professional Tournament Golfers, Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 2006, 15, 14–27.
40.
PinnegarS. and DaynesJ. G., Locating Narrative Inquiry Historically: Thematics in the Turn to Narrative, In ClandininD. J., ed., Handbook of Narrative Inquiry, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2007, 3–34.
41.
SeidmanI., Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Science, Teachers College, 2006.
42.
YinR. K., Case Study Research: Design and Method, 3rd edn., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2003.
43.
BrunerJ., Life as Narrative, Social Research, 1987, 54(1), 11–32.
44.
ConleC., Resonance in Pre-Service Teacher Inquiry, American Educational Research Association Journal, 1996, 33(2), 297–325.
45.
MishlerE., Validation in Inquiry-Guided Research: The Role of Exemplars in Narrative Studies, Harvard Educational Review, 1990, 60(4), 415–442.
46.
SpenceD., Narrative Truth and Historical Truth: Meaning and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis, Norton, New York, 1986.
47.
OlsonM., Curriculum as a Multistoried Process, Canadian Journal of Education, 2000, 25(3), 169–187.
48.
AbericiJ. C.FarrelP. A.Kris-EthertonP. M. and ShivelyC. A., Effect of Preexercise Candy Bar Ingestion on Glycemic Response, Substrate Utilization and Performance, International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 1993, 3, 323–332.
49.
MitchellJ. B. and VossK. W., The Influence of Volume of on Gastric Emptying and Fluid Balance During Prolonged Exercise, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1991, 23(3), 314–319.
50.
BealsK. A., Eating behaviors, Nutritional Status, and Menstrual Function in Elite Female Adolescent Volleyball Players, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2002, 13, 124–126.
51.
KurtzmanF. D.YagerJ.LandsverkJ.WiesmeierE. and BodurkaD. C., Eating Disorders Among Selected Female Student Populations at UCLA, Journal of the America Dietetic Association, 1989, 89, 45–53
52.
HarberV. J., Menstrual Dysfunction in Athletes: An Energetic Challenge. Exercise and Sport Science Review, 2000, 28(1), 19–23.
53.
KimH. B.ChoiY. J. and HaJ. S., The Psychological Influences and Coping Strategies of Menstruation on Female Tennis Player, Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girl and Women, 2012, 26(1), 87–97.
54.
EagleA. H. and WoodW., Inferred Sex Differences in Status as a Determination of Gender Stereotypes About Social Influence, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982, 43, 915–928.
55.
EaglyA. H., Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NL, 1987.
56.
PaleyV. G., Boys and Girls: Superheroes in the Doll Corner, University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1984.
57.
TannenD., You Just Don't Understand, Ballantine Books, New York, 1990.
58.
EderD., and HallinanM. T., Sex Differences in Children's Friendships, American Sociological Review, 1978, 43, 237–250.
59.
EpsteinJ. L., Examining Theories of Adolescent Friendships, in: EpsteinJ. L. and KarweitN. L. eds., Friend in School, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1983, 39–61.
60.
RubinZ., Children's Friendships, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1982.
61.
KimC. H. and KimW. S., The Analysis Between Sports Participation of Adolescent and Social Network of a Classroom, Korean Journal of Sociology of Sport, 2010, 23(1), 45–67.
62.
SerbinL. A.PolishtaK. K. and GulkoJ., The Development of Sex Typing in Middle Childhood, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58(2, Serial No. 232), 1993.
63.
JooJ., Institutional Plans for Hiring of Athletic Coach by Gender Equity, The Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law, 2010, 13, 212–239.
64.
LallyP. and KerrG., The Career Planning, Athletic Identity and Student Role Identity of Intercollegiate Student Athletes, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2005, 78(3), 275–285.
65.
LaneL., Gender Difference in Perceived Role Conflict Among University Student-Athletes, College Student Journal, 2004, 38(2), 179–190.
66.
YouJ., The Educational Directions and Tasks for Learning Competency of Students-Athletes, Korean Journal of Physical Education, 2012, 51(3), 157–169.
67.
YuT. and YiG., Schooling and the Culture of School Athletics. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 43(4), 271–281.
68.
LeeD. H., Exploring Desirable Direction of School Athletic Teams as an Education Setting. The Korean Society for the Study of Physical Education, 2012, 17(1), 1–16.
69.
BurnsG. N.JasinskiD.DunnS. and FletcherD., Academic Support Services and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy in Student Athletes, The Career Development Quarterly, 2013, 61, 161–167.
70.
LinnemeyerR. M. and BrownC., Career Maturity and Foreclosure in Student Athletes, Fine Arts Students, and General College Students, Journal of Career Development, 2010, 37, 616–634.
71.
ShurtsW.M. and ShofferM. F., Providing Career Counseling for College Student-Athletes: A Learning Theory Approach, Journal of Career Development, 2004, 31, 95–109.
Chung-Ang University, Career Education of Korean Student Athletes, The 2nd Research Report for Physical Education Lab of Chung-Ang University, 2013.
74.
Korea Institute of Sport Science, Development of Standard Employment Contract for Coaches, Retrieved from http://www.library.sports.re.kr/, 2006.
75.
SagasM.CunninghamG. B., and TeedK., An Examination of Homologous Reproduction in the Representation of Assistant Coaches of Women's Teams, Sex Roles, 2006, 55, 503–510.
