In order to study the relationship between shrinkage strain and interior humidity, experimental measurements on shrinkage and interior humidity of early-age concrete under both plastic sealing and drying conditions were carried out. The experimental results show that the development of shrinkage and the interior humidity are of high relativity. The drying process increases the shrinkage strain. Meanwhile, this process also leads a fast reduction on the interior humidity. Based on the experimental findings, a theoretical model for shrinkage prediction of concrete at early-age is developed. The model relies on the interior factors, chemical shrinkage and internal humidity, which may relate to the moisture loss in concrete directly. Therefore, the model can be used for shrinkage prediction of concrete, whatever the shrinkage is caused by self-desiccation or by dying. The model predictions are compared with experimental results and a reasonable agreement between them is found.
AmzianeS. (2006). “Setting time determination of cementitious materials based on measurements of the hydraulic pressure variations”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 295–304.
2.
AyanoT. and WittmannF.H. (2002). “Drying, moisture distribution, and shrinkage of cement-based materials”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 134–140.
3.
Baroghel-BounyV.MainguyM.LassabatereT. and CoussyO. (1999). “Characterization and identification of equilibrium and transfer moisture properties for ordinary and high-performance cementitious materials”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1225–1238.
4.
BentzD.P.GarbocziE.J. and QuenardD.A. (1998). “Modelling drying shrinkage in reconstructed porous materials: Application to porous Vycor glass”, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 211–236.
5.
BenturA.IgarashiS. and KovlerK. (2001). “Prevention of autogenous shrinkage in high-strength concrete by internal curing using wet lightweight aggregates”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 1587–1591.
6.
BissonnetteB.PierreP. and PigeonM. (1999). “Influence of key parameters on drying shrinkage of cementitious materials”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1655–1662.
7.
ChanvillardG. and DaloiaL. (1997). “Concrete strength estimation at early age: Modification of the method of equivalent age”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 94, No. 6, pp. 220–227.
8.
GutschA.W. (1998). Properties of Fresh Concrete, Experiments and Modeling, PhD Thesis, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
9.
HammerT.A. (2001). “Effect of silica fume on the plastic shrinkage and pore water pressure of high-strength concrete”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 273–278.
10.
JensenO.M. (1993). Autogenous Deformation and RH-Change–Self-Desiccation and Self-Desiccation Shrinkage, Building Materials Laboratory, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
11.
JensenO.M. and HansenP.F. (1995). “A dilatometer for measuring autogenous deformations in hardening Portland cement paste”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 406–409.
12.
JensenO.M. and HansenP.F. (2001). “Water-entrained cement-based materials: I. Principles and theoretical background”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 647–654.
13.
JutnesH.GemertA.V.VerbovenF. and SellevoldE.J. (1996). Total and external chemical shrinkage of low W/C ratio cement pastes”, Advanced Cement Research, Vol. 8, No. 31, pp. 121–126.
14.
KamenA.DenarieE.SadoukiH. and BruhwilerE. (2008). “Thermo-mechanical response of UHPFRC at early age-Experimental study and numerical simulation”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 822–831.
15.
KimJ.K. (2001). “Estimation of compressive strength by a new apparent activation energy function”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 217–225.
16.
KjellsenK. and DetwilerR.J. (1993). “Later-age strength prediction by a modified maturity model”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 220–227.
17.
KovlerK. and ZhutovskyK. (2006). “Overview and future trends of shrinkage research”, Materials and Structures, Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 827–847.
18.
LuraP.JensenO.M. and van BreugelK. (2003). “Autogenous shrinkage in highperformance cement paste: An evaluation of basic mechanisms”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 223–232.
19.
LymanC.G. (1934). Growth and Movement in Portland Cement Concrete, Oxford University Press, London, UK.
20.
MackenzieJ.K. (1950). “The elastic constants of a solid containing spherical holes”, Proceedings of the Physical Society, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 2–11.
21.
PaneI. and HansenW. (2002). “Concrete hydration and mechanical properties under nonisothermal conditions”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 534–542.
22.
PauliniP. (1992). “A weighing method for cement hydration”. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi, India, pp. 248–254.
23.
PowersT.C. and BrownyardT.L. (1948). “Studies of the physical properties of hardened Portland cement paste”, ACI Journal Proceedings, Vol. 43, No. 9, pp. 101–132.
24.
RastrupE. (1954). “Heat of hydration”, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 6, No. 17, pp. 127–140.
25.
SchindlerA.K. and FolliardK.J. (2005). “Heat of hydration models for cementitious materials”, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 24–33.
26.
SellevoldE.J.BjoontegaardO.JustnesH. and DahlP.A. (1994). “High-performance concrete: Early volume change and cracking tendency”. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium on Thermal Cracking at Early Ages, Munich, Germany, pp. 229–236.
27.
SuleM. and Van BreugelV.K. (2008). “Cracking behavior of reinforced concrete subjected to early-age shrinkage”. Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop, pp. 417–433.
28.
TazawaE. and MiyazawaS. (1992). “Autogenous shrinkage caused by self-desiccation in cementitious material”. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi, India, pp. 712–718.
29.
WittmannF.H. (1982). “Creep and shrinkage mechanisms”. Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete Structures, BazantZ.P. and WittmannF.H., eds., John Wiley & Sons, pp. 129–163.
30.
ZhangJ.HouD.W. and SunW. (2010). “Experimental study on the relationship between shrinkage and interior humidity of concrete at early age”, Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 191–199.
31.
ZhangJ.QiK. and HuangY. (2009). “Calculation of moisture distribution in early-age concrete”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 8, pp. 871–880.
32.
ZhangJ.QiK. and ZhangM. (2007). “Calculation of the thermal stresses in concrete pavements at early ages”, Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 136–145. (in Chinese)
33.
ZhangT. (2005). Studies on Cracking Sensitivity of Concrete at Early Ages, PhD Thesis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)
34.
ZhangZ.B. and ZhangJ. (2006). “Experimental study on the relationship between shrinkage strain and environmental humidity of concrete”, Journal of Building Materials, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 720–723. (in Chinese)
