Codified approaches for allowing for along-wind resonant response of tall structures are reviewed. In particular the ‘gust loading factor’ (GLF) format, used in codes and standards based on mean wind speeds (normally with an averaging time of 10 minutes or 1 hour) is discussed. The alternative ‘dynamic response factor’ (DRF) format, generally adopted by codes based on peak (nominally 3-second) gust wind speeds is also described. The explicit, or implicit, effective static wind load distribution inherent in these approaches is also discussed. The codification of the cross-wind response of tall structures of rectangular or circular cross-sections is also considered. A comparison of cross-wind force spectra for some rectangular cross-sections used in current codes and standards is made. Some consideration of the codification of wind-induced fatigue is given. Finally the present use, and future potential, of internet-based design methods for dynamic wind loads is discussed.
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