The aim of the paper is to assess the efficacy of reconstructive lymphatic surgery in the treatment of chronic lymphedema via retrospective analysis. Lymphovenous anastomotic surgery (LVAS) or free lymph node transplant surgery (FLTS) was performed on 32 patients who failed to respond to complex decongestive therapy (CDT) alone for a minimum of a one-year period. In LVAS, three patients with good compliance among 19 were able to maintain initial improvement through the four-year follow-up period. All three had secondary lymphedema in clinical stage II. In FLTS, among 13 patients, three compliant patients with the secondary lymphedema in clinical stage II kept initial improvement through the four-year follow-up. In conclusion, reconstructive lymphatic surgery (LVAS and FLTS) appears to be more effective in secondary lymphedema versus primary lymphedema when performed in the early stages. Patient compliance to maintain CDT postoperatively remains the most critical factor in maintaining durable long-term results. FLTS seems to have an additional risk involved to the donor lymph node harvest and a limited role compared to LVAS. Further extended study on FLTS is required to demonstrate its efficacy compared with LVAS.
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