Multiple pulmonary emboli despite the presence of a caval filter – a literature review

Abstract

Introduction

Acute pulmonary embolism is a serious life-threatening phenomenon. When anticoagulation is contraindicated, treatment poses a challenge.

Background

We describe the case of a young girl with recurrent pulmonary emboli despite the presence of a caval filter and explore the different treatment options available in this situation.

The placement of an intra-caval filter often provides a feeling of protection against further pulmonary emboli, however the incidence of filter thrombosis is surprisingly quite high. Subsequent pulmonary embolus can occur in up to a third of these patients which is potentially life threatening.

Conclusion

We examine the different filters that are commercially available, and the incidence of thrombosis and embolism associated with them. Following this, we look at the treatment options available in managing filter thrombosis and the safety of such intervention.