The burden of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients is significant and often underestimated. In this article the rationale for thromboprophylaxis is reviewed and rates of VTE in different patient populations considered. The options for pharmacological methods of prophylaxis are outlined and the evidence for their use in specific patient groups is reviewed. Thromboprophylaxis is effective but currently underused. Strategies are being developed to remedy this situation including the development of national guidelines and intervention by the Department of Health.
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