A new material model for sand has been developed in order to include the effects of the deformation rate and the degree of saturation on the constitutive response of this material. The model is an extension of the original high strain-rate compaction model for sand developed by Laine and Sandvik and an elastic—visco-plastic material model for sand recently proposed by Tong and Tuan in which these effects were neglected. The new material model was parameterized using the available experimental data for sand with different levels of saturation tested mechanically at different strain rates. The model is next used, within a non-linear-dynamics transient computational analysis, to study: (a) various phenomena associated with the explosion of shallow-buried and ground-laid mines and (b) the dynamic behaviour of a vehicle during an off-road ride. The computational results are then compared with the corresponding experimental results. This comparison suggested that the newly developed material model for sand captures the essential features of the dynamic behaviour of sand with different levels of saturation when subjected to realistic high and low strain-rate loading conditions.
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