Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are considered necessary in order to meet future global diesel engine emissions legislation. Various regeneration methods have been developed to clean DPFs by periodic oxidation of trapped particulate matter (soot). To achieve this goal, it is important to understand the fundamentals of the regeneration process. Previous soot oxidation regeneration models relied on tunable chemical kinetic parameters to achieve agreement between model and experimental results. In the work reported in this paper, a multistep chemical reaction scheme is incorporated in a model to study the thermal regeneration process. The regeneration model does not require tunable parameters and its results compare well with experimental findings. The effects on regeneration of various gas species are also studied, in addition to O2 and N2, such as CO and H2O that are present in the exhaust gas. The model is also used to demonstrate the effects of quenching the regeneration process and its impact on partial filter regeneration.
BissettE. J.Mathematical model of the thermal regeneration of a wall-flow monolith diesel particulate filterChem. Eng. Sci., 1984, 39 (7/8), 1233–1244.
GarnerC. P.DentJ. C.A thermal regeneration model for monolithic and fibrous diesel particulate trapsSAE Trans., J. Passenger Cars, 1988, 97 (4), 9–24.
4.
OprisC. N.JohnsonJ. H.A 2-D computational model describing the heat transfer, reaction kinetics and regeneration characteristics of a ceramic diesel particulate trapSAE Paper, 1998, no. 980546.
5.
KonstandopolousA. G.KostoglouM.HousiadaP.VlachosN.ZarvalisD.Multichannel simulation of soot oxidation in diesel particulate filtersSAE Paper, 2003, no. 2003–01-0839.
6.
StratakisG. A.StamatelosA. M.Flow distribution effects in the loading and catalytic regeneration of wall flow diesel particulate filtersProc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part D: J. Automotive Engineering, 2004, 218, 203–216.
7.
PontikakisG.StamatelosA.BakasisK.AravasN.3-D catalytic regeneration and stress modeling of diesel particulate filters by ABAQUS FEM softwareSAE Paper, 2002, no. 2002–01-1017.
8.
JøgensenM. W.SorensonS. C.A 2-dimensional simulation model for a diesel particulate filterSAE Paper, 1997, no. 970471.
9.
HaralampousO. A.KoltsakisG. C.SamarasZ. C.VogtC.-D.OharaE.WatanabeY.MizutaniT.Reaction and diffusion phenomena in catalyzed diesel particulate filtersSAE Paper2004, no. 2004–01-0696.
10.
HaralampousO. A.KoltsakisG. C.SamarasZ. C.VogtC.-D.OharaE.WatanabeY.MizutaniT.Modeling and experimental study of uncontrolled regenerations in SiC filters with fuel borne catalystSAE Paper, 2004, no. 2004–01-0697.
11.
PontikakisG. N. Modeling, reaction schemes and kinetic parameter estimation in automotive catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters, Doctoral Thesis, University of Thessaly, 2003.
12.
CooperB. J.ThossJ. E.Role of NO in diesel particulate emission controlSAE Paper, 1989, no. 890404.
13.
HoardJ.Plasma-catalysis for diesel exhaust treatment: Current state of the artSAE Paper, 2001, no. 2001–01-0185.
14.
HammerT.Non-thermal plasma application to the abatement of noxious emissions in automotive exhaust gasesPlasma Sources Sci. Technol., 2002, 11, A196-A201.
15.
TurnsS. R.An introduction to combustion, 2nd edition, 2000 (McGraw-Hill International Editions).
16.
StullD. R.ChaoJ.DergazarianT. E.PlessisL. A. D.HaddenS. T.JusticeB. H.JANAF Thermochemical Tables.1965 (National Bureau of Standards, USA).
HayhurstA. N.ParmarM. S.Does solid carbon burn in oxygen to give the gaseous intermediate CO or produce CO2 directly? Some experiments in a hot bed of sand fluidized by airChem. Eng. Sci., 1998, 53 (3), 427–438.
19.
YezeretsA.CurrierN. W.EadlerH. A.Experimental determination of kinetics of diesel soot oxidation by O2—modeling consequences. SAE Paper, 2003, no. 2003–01-0833.
20.
GravenW. M.LongF. J.Kinetics and mechanisms of the two opposing reactions of the equilibrium CO + H2O = CO2 + H2J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 2602–2607.
21.
JacquotF.LogieV.BrilhacJ. F.GilotP.Kinetics of the oxidation of carbon black by NO2 influence of the presence of water and oxygenCarbon, 2002, 40 (3), 335–343.
22.
OlsonK. E.LussD.AmundsonN. R.Regeneration of adiabatic fixed bedsIndl Engng Chem. Process Design Development, 1968, 7, 96–100.
23.
OttoK.SiegM. H.ZinboM.BartosiewiczL.The oxidation of soot deposits from diesel enginesSAE Paper, 1980, no. 800336.
24.
IshiguroT.TakatoriY.AkihamaK.Microstructure of diesel soot particles probed by electron microscopy: First observation of inner core and outer shellCombustion and Flame, 1997, 108, 231–234.
25.
YezeretsA.CurrierN. W.EadlerH.PopuriS.SureshA.Quantitative flow-reactor study of diesel soot oxidation processSAE Paper, 2002, no. 2002–01-1684.
26.
AhlströmA. F.OdenbrandC. U. I.Combustion characteristics of soot deposits from diesel enginesCarbon, 1989, 27 (3), 475–583.
27.
NeeftJ. P. A.NijhuisT. X.SmakmanE.MakkeeM.MoulijnJ. A.Kinetics of the oxidation of diesel sootFuel, 1997, 76 (12), 1129–1136.
28.
KilpinenP.KallioS.KonttinenJ.BarisicV.Char-nitrogen oxidation under fluidised bed combustion conditions: Single particle studiesFuel, 2002, 81, 2349–2362.
29.
HottelH. C.WilliamsG. C.NerheimN. M.SchneiderG. R.Kinetic studies in stirred reactors: Combustion of carbon monoxide and propene. Tenth symposium (international) onCombustion, The Combustion Institute, 1965, pp. 111–121.
30.
JohnstonH. S.BonnerW. A.WilsonD. J.Carbon isotope effect during oxidation of carbon monoxide with nitrogen dioxideJ. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26 (5), 1002–1006.
