Current practice when predicting safe separation distances between buildings is to assess the radiant hazard posed by flames and hot gas visible across the vent. The vent is treated as a radiating vertical surface with a representative temperature. A method is proposed for calculating the radiant heat flux to external surfaces from hot gas and extrusive flame emerging from a vent in a compartment wall containing post-flashover fire. An experimental study has been made to examine the validity of the method for extrusive flames unaffected by wind.
DrysdaleD.An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 1985 (John Wiley, Chichester).
2.
YauT. M.GrahamT. L.FrancisJ.Comparison of flashover model with experiments. In Proceedings of 9th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference (Interflam2001), Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 1033–1045.
3.
ChenA. P.Research into the problem of extrusive flame through a window in exterior wall (in Chinese). Fire Safety Sci., 1998, 7 (3), 53–60.
4.
ENV 1991-2-2, Part 2.2. Effect of fire on construction. In Eurocode 1, 1991.
5.
WuJ. X.Fire spread between buildings (in Chinese). In Building Fires, 1985, pp. 242–256 (Mass Press, Beijing, PR China).
6.
LawM.Part 2: Heat radiation from fires and building separation. In External Fire Spread: Building Separation and Boundary Distances, BR 187, 1991, pp. 21–44 (Building Research Establishment).
7.
ChenA. P.Combustion of combustible liquid (in Chinese). In Combustion Fundamentals of Fire, 1997, pp. 252–267 (Press of Chinese University of Public Security, Beijing, PR China).
8.
RockettJ. A.Fire induced gas flow in an enclosure. Combust. Sci. Technol., 1976, 12, 165–175.
9.
ZhaoG. L.Theoretical fundamental of calculations for smoke control (in Chinese). In Smoke Control Engineering, 1991, pp. 67–99 (Tianjin Translating and Publishing Company of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China).
10.
CaiY.The theory of neutral pressure plane (in Chinese). In Ventilation and Smoke Control, 1997, pp. 55–78 (Police's Education Publishing House, Beijing, PR China).
11.
JiangF. H.Flame radiation from polymer fires. Fire Safety J., 1998, 30, 283–295.
12.
WaltonW. D.ThomasP. H.Estimating temperatures in compartment fires. In SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Publication HFPE-95, 1995, Sec. 3, Ch. 6, pp. 134–147 (National Fire Protection Agency (of USA)).
13.
OzisikM. N.Heat Transfer: A Basic Approach, 1985 (McGraw-Hill, New York).
14.
TangY. M.A study on the numerical simulations of the eigenvalue for flashover (in Chinese). Fire Safety Sci., 2001, 10, 1–18.
15.
ReadingP.Personal communication regarding an industrial fire at a warehouse in Cheshire, 2000.
16.
SinaiY. L.OwensM. P.Validation of CFD modeling of unconfined pool fires with cross-wind: Flame geometry. Fire Safety J., 1995, 24, 1–34.
