When a 2-foot-diameter three-weld right-angled pipe bend (pipe factor 0.0319) was subjected to in-plane bending moments, the stress distributions and flexibility factors compared well with theoretical predictions. When internal pressure was applied alone, and then combined with the bending loads, significant non-linear elastic behaviour was observed and was attributed to the initial out-of-circular shape of the pipe section. An approximate method of assessing this behaviour is discussed.
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