A detailed study is presented of the relationship between the luminous efficacy of the three components of solar radiation (direct, global and diffuse) for a cloudless sky, and solar zenith angle, ozone content, water vapour content and turbidity. Aerosols and water vapour are found to be the most important factors. Other factors such as ozone or the aerosol downward scattered fraction are generally of secondary importance. Calculated luminous efficacies are based on a simple transmittance parameterization of the spectral irradiance model.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Guide to recommended practice of Daylight measurement. Publicación CIE n° 108, 1994.
2.
Littlefair PJ.The luminous efficacy of daylight: a review. Lighting Res. Technol.1985; 17: 162-182.
3.
Olseth JA, Skartveit A.Observed and modelled luminous efficacies under arbitrary cloudiness. Solar Energy1989; 42: 221-233.
4.
Aydinli S. Uber die Berechnunh der zur Verfugung stehenden Solarenergie und des Tageslichtes (On the calculation of available solar energy and daylight). Dissertation Tech. Univ. Berlin (Fortschrittberichte der VDI Zeitschriften 6 (79), Dusseldorf), 1981.
5.
McCluney WR.A simple procedure for sizing skylights based upon statistical illumination performance. Energy & Bldgs1984; 6: 213-219.
6.
Aydinli S, Krochmann J.Data on daylight and solar radiation. Draft for CIE TC 4.2, 1983.
7.
Littlefair PJ.Measurements of the luminous efficacy of daylight. Lighting Res. Technol.1988; 20: 177-188.
8.
Chauvel P et al. Availability of daylight in Europe and design of a daylighting atlas. Contract N°JOU2 CT92-0144, 1995.
9.
Dumortier D. Mesure, Analyse et Modélisation du gisement lumineux. Application a` l’évaluation des performances de l’éclairage naturel des bâtiments. PhD thesis. Université déry, 1995.
10.
Robledo L. Modelización de la iluminación natural y de la radiación solar en superficies de diversas orientaciones e inclinaciones en Madrid. PhD thesis. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 1998.
11.
Gueymard CA.The effect of cloudless atmospheres on the luminous efficacy of beam, diffuse and global radiation: Proc. Solar’95 Conf. American Solar Energy Society, 1995
12.
Gueymard CA.Updated transmittance functions for use in fast spectral direct beam irradiance models. Proc. Solar’94. Annual ASES Conf. American Solar Energy Society, 1994, 355-360.
13.
Gueymard CA.Simple model of the atmospheric radiative transfer of sunshine (SMARTS2): algorithms and performance assesment. Rep. FSEC-PF-270-95. Florida Solar Energy Center, 1995.
14.
Publicación CIE n° 85 Solar spectral irradiance, 1989.
15.
Justus CG, Paris MV.A model for solar spectral irradiance and radiance at the bottom and top of a cloudness atmosphere. J. Climate Appl. Metrology1985; 24: 193-205.
16.
Kasten F, Young AT.Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula. Appl. Opt.1989; 28: 4735-4738.
17.
Kasten F.Discussion on the relative air mass. Lighting Res. Technol.1993; 25: 129-130.
18.
Molina LT, Molina MJ.Absolute absorption cross section of ozone in the 185 to 350 nm wavelength range. J. Geophys. Res.1986; 14501-14508.
19.
Anderson SM, Mauersberger K.Laser measurements of ozone absorption cross sections in the Chappuis band. Geophys. Res. Lett.1992; 933-936.
20.
Leckner B.The spectral distribution of solar radiation at the earth’s surface—elements of a model. Solar Energy1978; 20: 143-150.
21.
Jacovides CPet al.Spectral solar irradiance and Chambe some optical properties for various polluted atmospheres. Solar Energy2000; 69: 215-227.
22.
Bird RE, Riordan CJ.Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at the Earth’s surface for cloudless atmospheres. J. Climate Appl. Meteor.1986; 87-89.
23.
Angström A.Techniques of determining the turbidity of the atmosphere. Tellus.1961; 13: 214-221.
24.
Pons A, Corróns A.Solar irradiance spectrum of Madrid. Atmos. Environ.1982; 16: 2237-2240.
25.
Perez R, et al.Modelling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradiance. Sol. Energy1990; 44: 271-289.
26.
Wright J, Perez R, Michalsky JJ.Luminous efficacy of direct irradiance variations with insolation and moisture conditions. Sol. Energy1989; 42: 387-394.
27.
Muneer T, Kinghorn D.Luminous efficacy models—evaluation against UK data. J. Illumin. Eng. Soc. Winter 1998.
