Using radioimmunoassay we measured serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and a benign course (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)≤ 3 despite > 10 years disease duration), relapsing MS with cumulative disability leading to an EDSS score > 4 within 10 years of disease duration, primary progressive MS and healthy controls. We found no differences in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum levels, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio between the four groups. However, there was a significant correlation (P=0.005) between IGFBP-3 serum levels and both the progression index of disability and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score in patients with primary progressive MS.
Roth GA , Spada V , Hamill K , Bornstein MB.Insulin-like growth factor I increases myelination and inhibits demyelination in cultured organotypic nerve tissue . Brain Res Dev Brain Res1995; 88: 102-108 .
2.
McMorris FA , Smith TM , DeSalvo S , Furlanetto RW.Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C: a potent inducer of oligodendrocyte development . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1986; 83: 822-826 .
3.
Mason JL , Ye P , Suzuki K , D’Ercole AJ , Matsushima GK.Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis during primary demyelination . J Neurosci2000; 20: 5703-5708 .
4.
Barres BA , Hart IK , Coles HS , Burne JF , Voyvodic JT , Richardson WDet al.Cell death and control of cell survival in the oligodendrocyte lineage . Cell1992; 70: 31-46 .
5.
Wilczak N , Schaaf M , Bredewold R , Streefland C , Teelken A , De Keyser J.Insulin-like growth factor system in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis . Neurosci Lett1998; 257: 168-170 .
6.
Torres-Aleman I , Barrios V , Berciano J.The peripheral insulin-like growth factor system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in multiple sclerosis . Neurology1998; 50: 772-776 .
7.
Poser CM , Paty DW , Scheinberg L , McDonald WI , Davis FA , Ebers GCet al.New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols . Ann Neurol1983; 13: 227-231 .
8.
Thompson AJ , Montalban X , Barkhof F , Brochet B , Filippi M , Miller DHet al.Diagnostic criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a position paper . Ann Neurol2000; 47: 831-835 .
9.
Ramsaransing G , Maurits N , Zwanikken C , De Keyser J.Early prediction of a benign course of multiple sclerosis on clinical grounds: a systematic review . Mult Scler2001; 7: 345-347 .
10.
Firth SM , Baxter RC.Cellular actions of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins . Endocr Rev2002; 23: 824-854 .
11.
Butt AJ , Williams AC.IGFBP-3 and apoptosis-a license to kill?Apoptosis2001; 6: 199-205 .
12.
Baxter RC.Signalling pathways involved in antiproliferative effects of IGFBP-3: a review . Mol Pathol2001; 54: 145-148 .
13.
Weinzimer SA , Gibson TB , Collett-Solberg PF , Khare A , Liu B , Cohen P.Transferrin is an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 binding protein . J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001; 86: 1806-1813 .
14.
Li H , Sun H , Qian ZM.The role of the transferrin-transferrin-receptor system in drug delivery and targeting . Trends Pharmacol Sci2002; 23: 206-209 .
15.
Modric T , Silha JV , Shi Z , Gui Y , Suwanichkul A , Durham SKet al.Phenotypic manifestations of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 overexpression in transgenic mice . Endocrinology2001; 142: 1958-1967 .
16.
Rensink AA , Gellekink H , Otte-Holler I , ten Donkelaar HJ , de Waal RM , Verbeek MMet al.Expression of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor and pro-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in Alzheimer’s disease . Acta Neuropathol (Berl)2002; 104: 525-533 .
17.
Lovett-Racke AE , Bittner P , Cross AH , Carlino JA , Racke MK.Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and IGF-1/IGF-binding protein-3 complex (IGF-1/IGFBP3) . J Clin Invest1998; 101: 1797-1804 .
18.
Fazekas F , Strasser-Fuchs S , Kollegger H , Berger T , Kristoferitsch W , Schmidt Het al.Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 is associated with rapid progression of multiple sclerosis . Neurology2001; 57: 853-857 .
19.
Chapman J , Vinokurov S , Achiron A , Karussis DM , Mitosek-Szewczyk K , Birnbaum Met al.APOE genotype is a major predictor of long-term progression of disability in MS . Neurology2001; 56: 312-316 .
20.
Savettieri G , Andreoli V , Bonavita S , Cittadella R , Caltagirone C , Fazio MCet al.Apolipoprotein E genotype does not influence the progression of multiple sclerosis . J Neurol2003; 250: 1094-1098 .
