This is a report of a woman in the fyfth decade of life with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and involvement of a heart valve. Diagnosis was reached with echocardiography and serological studies.
Galve E , Ordi J , Barquinero J , Evangelista A , Vilardell M , Soler-Soler J . Valvular heart disease in the primary antiphospholipid syndrome . Ann Intern Med1992; 116: 293–298 .
3.
Espinola-Zavaleta N , Vargas-Barrón J , Colmenares-Galvis T , CruzCruz F , Romero-Cárdenas A , Keirns C , Amigo MC . Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome . Am Heart J1999; 137: 974–979 .
4.
Roldán CA , Shively BK , Lau CC , Gurule FT , Smith EA , Crawford MH . Systemic lupus erythematosus valve disease by transesophageal echocardiography and the role of antiphospholipid antibodies . JAm Coll Cardiol1992; 20: 1127–1134 .
5.
Sammaritano LR , Gharravi AE , Lockshin MD . Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: immunologic and clinical aspects . Sem Arthritis Rheum1990; 20: 81–96 .
6.
Chartash EK , Lans DM , Paget SA , Qamar T , Lockshin MD . Aortic insuffyciency and mitral regurgitation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome . Am J Med1989; 86: 407–412 .
7.
Galve E , Ordi J , Barquinero J , Tolosa C , Jordana R , Soler-Soler J . Prevalence, types and severity of cardiac valvular lesions in primary antiphospholipid syndrome . (Abstract). Clin Exp Rheumatol1990; 8: 225-225 .
8.
Ford SE , Lillicrap D , Brunet D , Ford P . Thrombotic endocarditis and lupus anticoagulant. A pathogenetic possibility for idiopathic ‘rheumatic type’ valvular heart disease . Arch Pathol Lab Med1989; 113: 350–353 .
9.
Galve E , Candell-Rivera J , Pigrau C , Permanyer-Miranda G , García del Castillo H , Soler-Soler J . Prevalence, morphologic types and evolution of cardiac valvular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus . New Engl J Med1988; 319: 817–823 .
10.
Narin N , Kutukculer N , Narin F , Keser G , Dogonavsargil E . Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease: is there a signifycant association . Clin Exp Rheumatol1996; 14: 567–569 .
11.
Figueroa F , Berríos X , Gutiérrez M , Carrión F , Goycolea JP , Riedel I , Jacobelli S . Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute rheumatic fever . J Rheumatol1992; 19: 1175–1180 .
12.
Reyes PA , Amigo MC , Baãales JL , Nava A . Anticardiolipin antibodies, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease . J Rheumatol1994; 21: 2389-2389 .
