Abstract
Introduction
Although there are more women in medicine now than ever before, gender parity is still not reflected in leadership positions within academic medicine [1, 2]. Article authorship is an important distinction in academic medicine and often used as a surrogate for scholarly productivity. While US studies show increasing female-authored articles in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS), there is a lack of Canadian research on gender diversity in authorship [3, 4]. The goal of this study was to examine trends in female authorship within the Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.
Methods
All research articles published online in the journal were analyzed from 2013 to the end of 2021. The genders of first, middle and senior authors were recorded along with the article type, article category and institutional affiliations. The total number of female authors including unique authors, along with the number of first and senior female authors specifically, were quantified. Gender was identified through name searches and online sources. Proportions of same-gender first and senior authors were calculated. Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to assess the change in proportion over time between years and groups. Chi-square tests of gender differences were used to assess gender representation by article category and type. The study used publicly available, de-identified data and was exempt from institutional ethics board review.
Results
Proportion of gender by authorship
Authorship gender representation by article category
Discussion
The present study highlights the trends in female authorship representation within the Canadian Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. These findings suggest that female OHNS surgeons are participating in research overall at similar rates at which they are represented in the Canadian OHNS community [5]. Despite the upward trends in research participation, our findings suggest that at the senior authorship level, women continue to be under-represented. It is worth noting that female representation at the staff and leadership level adds an important context. A recent cross-sectional Canadian study identified that women are underrepresented in staff and senior academic roles, including both professorship and departmental leadership roles [6].
Although there has been an increase in the proportion of female authors in the Canadian Journal, our findings suggest that there is no significant change in female authorship representation throughout the study period. By leveraging quantitative findings, future studies should identify barriers to female advancement within the field and encourage actionable efforts such as promotion of women in academia and diversification of research opportunities. In doing so, we will be able to dismantle the hurdles and encourage sponsorship of female OHNS surgeons in their academic contributions to the field.
Footnotes
Acknowledgements
There are no acknowledgements.
Author contributions
KK was responsible for data collection and manuscript preparation. AD was responsible for study design and statistical analysis. YC and MEG were responsible for study conception and design and contributed to analysis. All authors critically edited the manuscript and approved the final version submitted.
Availability of data and materials
Data is available upon reasonable request.
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