This paper has the objective of establishing a standard norm for incisor angulations in a Nigerian population. The upper incisor angle to the Frankfort plane has a biological norm of between 119° and 127°, while the lower incisor angle (to the mandibular plane) is between 96° and 104°. The value for the interincisal angle is between 108° and 116°.
AlexanderT. L. and HitchcockH. P. (1978) Cephalometric standards for American negro children, American Journal of Orthodontics, 74, 298–304.
2.
BjorkA. (1947) The Face in Profile, Svensk. tandlak, T., 40, 5B, 1–180.
3.
DahlbergG. (1940) Statistical methods for medical and biological students, Interscience Publication, New York.
4.
DrummondR. A. (1968) A Determination of cephalometric norms for the Negro race, American Journal of Orthodontics, 54, 670–682.
5.
GravelyF. J. and BenziesP. M. (1974) The clinical significance of tracing error in cephalometry, British Journal of Orthodontics, 1, 95–101.
6.
IsiekweM. C. and SowemimoG. O. (1984) Cephalometric findings in a normal Nigerian population sample and adult Nigerians with unrepaired cleft, The Cleft Palate Journal, 21, 323–328.
7.
MillsJ. R. E. (1966) The long term results of the proclination of lower incisor, British Dental Journal, 120, 355–363.
8.
RichardsonA. and MerrettJ. D. (1977) British and West African Facial Form in Ideal Occlusion, Annals of Human Biology, 4, 367–374.