A useful modification of the Barrer appliance is described to enable final positioning and retention following treatment in both upper and lower arches.
AdamsC. P. (1970) The design and construction of removable orthodontic appliances, John Wright, Bristol, 4th edition, p. 50.
2.
BarrerH. G. (1975) Protecting the integrity of mandibular incisor position through keystoning procedure and spring retainer appliance, Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, 9, 486–494.
3.
BellC. (1983) A modified lower removable appliance using lingual clasping and soft tissue anchorage, British Journal of Orthodontics, 10, 162–163.
4.
IsaacsonK. E. and WilliamsJ. K. (1978) An introduction to fixed appliances, John Wright, Bristol, 2nd edition, p. 6.
5.
PeckS. and PeckH. (1975) Orthodontic aspects of dental anthropology, Angle Orthodontist, 45, 95–102.
