How can we practice dying in community? What communal practices nourish positive acts that make dying well (enough)—more than prudent caution in avoiding causing death (killing)? What part of our common ecclesial life as Catholics enables us to accompany dying persons as a gracious return to God? We are twice haunted: most first world deaths result from foreseen end-stage illnesses; mortality is less feared than burdensomeness for caregivers from vulnerable dependence. Of those who die in the hospital, many deaths result from decisions to withhold and withdraw treatments. From ten kinds of desolation about dying, ten parallel consolations are discerned in hopes and outcomes-based best practices.
AiAmy, McCormickThomas R.2010. Increasing diversity of Americans’ faiths alongside baby boomers’ aging: Implications for chaplain intervention in health settings. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy16: 24–41.
2.
Ambrose. 2007. Le “De bono mortis.”Trans. with Commentary by Lama El Hor. Paris-Sorbonne: Université de Paris IV.
3.
AquinasThomas. 1966. Summa Theologiae I/II, 91. “Varieties of Law,” I–II. In Law and political theory, trans., GilbyThomas, vol. 28, 19–39. New York: McGraw Hill, Blackfriars.
4.
AquinasThomas. 1975a. Summa Theologiae I/II, 64, 5. “Is It Legitimate to Kill Oneself?” In Injustice, trans., LefebureMarcus, vol. 38, 63–79. New York: McGraw-Hill and Blackfriars.
5.
AquinasThomas. 1975b. Summa Theologiae I/II, 31.4. “Is Pleasure the Criterion or Standard by Which Moral Good and Evil Is to Be Judged?” In Pleasure, trans., D'ArcyEric, vol. 20, 74–77. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Aristotle. 1991. On rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse, trans. KennedyGeorge A.New York: Oxford.
8.
Aristotle. 1998. Poetics, trans. HeathMalcolm. New York: Penguin Classics.
9.
ArrupePedro S. J.1966. “Carta sobre el Apostolado Social en América Latina” [“On the Social Apostolate in Latin America”]. Acta Romana Societatis Iesu14(6): 790–91.
10.
ArrupePedro S. J. 1977. A new service to the world of today. SJ Documentation38, (December 20): 381.
11.
ArrupePedro S. J.1990. “Marxist Analysis by Christians.” In Liberation theology: A documentary history, HennellyAlfred T., S. J. ed., 307–14. New York: Orbis-Maryknoll.
12.
AshleyBen, Jean deBloisCSJ, Kevin O'RourkeOP. 2006. Health care ethics: a Catholic theological analysis, 5th edition. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
13.
Association of American Medical Colleges. 1998. Medical School Objectives Project, “Report III, Contemporary Issues in Medicine: Communication in Medicine.”Washington, DC. https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/msop/.
14.
Augustine. 1890. The care to be taken for the dead, trans. BrowneH., ed., NiceneP. Shaff. and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, ser. 1, vol. 3, 539–51, n. 4. Grand Rapids, MI. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf103.txt.
15.
Augustine. 1981. The city of God, trans. BettensonHenry. New York: Penguin Books.
BalboniMichael J., BabarAmenah, DillingerJennifer, PhelpsAndrea C., GeorgeEmily, BlockSusan D., KachnicLisa, HuntJessica, PeteetJohn, PrigersonHolly G., Vander WeeleTyler J., BalboniTracy A.2011. “It depends”: viewpoints of patients, physicians, and nurses on patient-practitioner prayer in the setting of advanced cancer. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management41: 836–47.
19.
BarnatoAmber E., Brooke HerndonM., AnthonyDenise L., GallagherPatricia M., SkinnerJonathan S., BynumJulie P. W., FisherElliott S.2007. Are regional variations in end-of-life care intensity explained by patient preferences? A study of the US medicare population. Medical Care45: 386–93.
20.
BarthKarl. 1957/2004. Kirchliche Dogmatik III, 4, 2nd edition. Zollikon and Zurich, 1957. Trans. Geoffrey William Bromiley, Thomas Forsyth Torrance as Church Dogmatics, Vol. 3/4. London: T&T Clark.
21.
BarthesRoland. Sade/Fourier/Loyola, trans., MillerRichard. New York: Farrer, Strauss, Giroux, 1976.
22.
BeauchmapThomas, ChildressJames. 2008. Principles of biomedical ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
BeatricePier Franco. 1999. Christian Worship. In Augustine through the ages: An encyclopedia, ed., FitzgeraldAllan, CavadiniJohn C., 156–64. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
25.
Bede. 1960. Opera Exegetica. Vol. 120, ed. D. Hurst. In Lucae evangelium expositio. Bedae Venerabilis opera exegetica iii, Corpus Christianorum Series Latina [CCSL]. Turnhout: Brepols: n. VI, 23.43.
26.
BellCatherine. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27.
Benedict XVI, Pope. 2006. Deus caritas est, On Christian Love. Acta Apostolicae Sedis98: 217–52.
28.
Benedict XVI, Pope. 2010. “If you want to cultivate peace, protect creation,” World Day of Peace Message.
29.
BergerTheresa. 2011. Gender differences and the making of liturgical history: Lifting a veil on liturgy's past. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
30.
BernadinJoseph. 1998. The gift of peace. New York: Image.
BradleyIan C.2005. You've got to have a dream: The message of the musical. Louisville, KY: Westminster, John Knox Press.
37.
BrennanFrank, CousinsMichael J.2004. Pain relief as a human right. International Association for the Study of Pain. Clinical Update12: 1–4.
38.
BresnahanJames S. J.1995. “Contemporary art of dying (II).” Under “Death; Art of Dying: Ars moriendi.” In Encyclopedia of Bioethics vol. 1, 2nd edition. ed., ReichW. T., 551–4. New York: Macmillan.
39.
BrownRaymond. 2010. The Pater Noster as an Eschatological Prayer. In Raymond Brown, New Testament Essays, 2nd edition, 276–322. New York: Image.
40.
BruggerChristian, BreschiLouis C., HartEdith Mary, KummerMark, LaneJohn I., MorrowPeter T., SmithFranklin L., TofflerWilliam L., BeffelMarisa, BrehanyJohn F., BuscherSara, MarkerRita L.2013. The POLST paradigm and form: Facts and analysis. Linacre Quarterly80(2): 103–38.
41.
BockmuehlMarcus, StroumsaGuy G., eds. 2010. Paradise in antiquity: Jewish and Christian views. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42.
BuckleyWilliam J.1994. Attesting agency and transcendental subjectivity: Rhetorical analyses of the moral arguments of Karl Barth and Karl Rahner (vols. I and II). University of Chicago, Dissertation. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest Microfilms formerly University Microfilms, #9425364.
43.
BuckleyWilliam J., SulmasyDaniel P., MacklerAaron, SachedinaAziz. 2012. Ethics of palliative sedation and medical disasters: Four traditions advance consensus on three issues. Ethics and Medicine28: 33–65.
44.
BuckleyWilliam J., FeldtKaren, eds. 2012. Taking sides: Clashing views in death and dying. New York/Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill.
45.
BultinckBert. 1998. Metaphors we die by: Conceptualizations of death in English and their implications for the theory of metaphor. Antwerp Papers in Linguistics94: 22–60.
46.
BurnsPatout. 1975. The concept of satisfaction in medieval redemption theory. Theological Studies36: 285–304.
47.
BushNancy. 2009. Compassion fatigue: Are you at risk?Oncology Nursing Forum36: 24–8.
48.
ByockIra. 1997. Dying well: Defining wellness through the end of life. New York, NY: Putnam/Riverhead.
49.
ByockIra. 2012. The best care possible: A physician's quest to transform care through the end of life. Garden City, New York: Avery. http://www.dyingwell.org/.
50.
CahillLisa. 1977. A “natural law” reconsideration of euthanasia. Linacre Quarterly44: 47–63.
51.
CahillLisa. 2005. Theological bioethics: Participation, justice, and change. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
CallahanDaniel. 2008. Organized obfuscation: Advocacy for physician assisted suicide. Hastings Center Report38(5): 30–2.
54.
CassellEric J.1999. Diagnosing suffering: A perspective. Annals of Internal Medicine131: 531–4.
55.
Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC). 2000. 2nd edition. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
56.
Catholic Church, USCCB. 1986/1995/1996. Economic Justice for All: Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teaching and the U.S. Economy. 1986. Washington, D.C. A Decade After “Economic Justice for All”: Continuing Principles, Changing Context, New Challenges (1995); A Catholic Framework for Economic Life (1996). Washington, DC: USCCB Publishing.
ChenuMarie Dominique. 1963. Towards understanding St. Thomas. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
59.
CiceroMarcus Tullius. 1980. De senectute 19.71. A dialogue on old age, 26–7, eds., AllenJ.H., AllenW.H., GreenhoughJ.B.Boston: Ginn.
60.
CNE, Canada. 1996. Commission Consultative Nationale d'Ethique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Avis concernant l'acharnement thérapeutique. Available at http://www.cne.public.lu/publications/avis/1996_1.PDF.
61.
CollinsJudith. 1982. Collins French Dictionary. New York: Penguin.
62.
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF). 1980. Declaration on Euthanasia. Acta Apostolicae Sedis72: 542–52; English translation: Origins 10(10): 154–7.
63.
Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith. 2000. Instruction on prayers for healing. Origins30(28): 441–7.
64.
CorréardMarie-Hélène, GrundyValerie, Ormal-GrenonJean-Benoit, RolliNicholas. 2007. Grand Dictionnaire Hachette-Oxford French. 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
65.
DayDorothy. 1952/1997. The long loneliness. New York: HarperSanFrancisco.
66.
DelpAlfred S. J.1958/2004. Im Angesicht des Todes. Frankfurt Am Main: Carolusdruckerei: Verlag Josef Knecht, 1958. The Prison Writings. New York: Orbis.
67.
DezutterJessie, SoenensBart, LuyckxKoen, BruyneelSabrina, VansteenkisteMaarten, DuriezBart, HutsebautetDirk. 2009. The role of religion in death attitudes: Distinguishing between religious belief and style of processing religious contents. Death Studies33: 73–92.
68.
DonahueJames M.1999. The rite for the commendation of the dying in the 1983 care of the sick: Rites of anointing and viaticum: A study through its comparison with its counterparts in the 1614 Ritual Romanum and in the 1972 editio typica of ‘Ordo Unctionis infirmorum eorumque pastoralis curae’. PhD diss., Ann Arbor, MI: Catholic University of America; UMI 9969543.
69.
DonahueJames M.2001. The rite for the commendation of the dying. Liturgical Ministry10: 1–13.
70.
DonahueJames M.2003. Commendation of the dying. New Catholic Encyclopedia Second Edition. Independence, KY: Cengage Learning, IV, 9–10.
71.
DonneJohn. 2012. “Elegy on Mistress Boulstred,” vs 35–42. In Alexander Balloch Grosart, ed., The Complete Poems of John Donne, 200. Charleston, SC: Nabu.
72.
DoreMargaret. 2011. Physician-assisted suicide: A recipe for elder abuse and the illusion of personal choice. The Vermont Bar Journal & Law Digest36: 53–55.
73.
DullesAvery. 1974/2002. Models of the Church, Expanded edition. New York: Doubleday.
74.
DullesAvery. 1985. Models of revelation. Garden City, New York: Image Books.
75.
DullesAvery. 2006. From Ratzinger to Benedict. First Things160: 24–9.
76.
Episcopal Diocese of Washington, DC. 1997. Committee on Medical Ethics. Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Christian Moral Perspective, The Washington Report. Nashville, TN: Cokesbury/Morehouse Publishing.
77.
EslerPhilip Francis, PiperRonald A.2006. Lazarus, Mary and Martha: Social-scientific understanding approaches to the Gospel of John. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress.
78.
Evangelical Lutheran Church in American. 1992. ELCA Message. End of Life Decisions.
79.
Evangelical Lutheran Church in American. 1999. ELCA Message, “Suicide Prevention.”
ExlineJulie E., ParkCrystal L., SmvthJoshua M., CarevMichael P.2011. Anger to God, cognitive predictors prevalence and links with adjust to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology100(1): 129–48.
82.
FadenRuth R., BeauchampTom L., KingNancy M. P.1986. A history and theory of informed consent. New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
83.
FarleyMargaret. 1995. Issues in contemporary christian ethics: The choice of death in a medical context. The Santa Clara Lectures1(3): 1–19.
84.
Fineberg, Iris Cohen, Neil S. Wenger, and Katherine Brown-Saltzman. 2006. Unrestricted opiate administration for pain and suffering at the end of life: Knowledge and attitudes as barriers to care. Journal of Palliative Medicine 9: 873–83.
85.
FinlanSteven. 2005. Problems with atonement: The origins of, and controversy about, the atonement doctrine. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
86.
FinlanSteven. 2007. Options on atonement in Christian thought. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
87.
FitzgeraldPaul Joseph, S.J.2006. Into the hands of the father: The invention of ministry to the dying. Santa Clara Magazine (Winter 2006).
FranzAnsgar. 2002. “Everything is Worthwhile at the End”? Christian Funeral Liturgy amidst Ecclesial Tradition and Secular Rites. Studia Liturgica32: 48–68.
90.
French Bishops. 1991. Respecter l'homme proche de sa mort, par Conseil Permanent de la Conférence des évêques de France. Bulletin officiel de la Conférence Episcopale française39: 1–11.
91.
FrySarah. 2004. “Nursing Ethics”. In, PostStephen, ed., Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Vol. IV. New York: Thompson-Gale, 1898–1903.
92.
FullerR. C.2001. Spiritual, but not Religious. New York: Oxford University Press.
93.
German Bishops. 1975–2010. Gemeinsame Texte 17: Sterbebegleitung statt aktiver Sterbehilfe, Eine Textsammlung kirchlicher Erklärungen mit einer Einführung des Vorsitzenden der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz und des Vorsitzenden des Rates der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland. http://dbk.de/imperia/md/content/schriften/dbk6.gemeinsametexte/gt_17.pdf.
GijsbertsMarie-José H.E., EchteldMichael A., van der SteenJenny T., MullerMartien T., OttenRené H.J., RibbeMiel W., DeliensLuc, 2011. Spirituality at the end of life: Conceptualization of measurable aspects—a systematic review. Journal Of Palliative Medicine14: 852–63.
96.
CarolGilligan. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
97.
Gregory of Tours. 1988. De Gloria Martyrum, 106. In Gregory of tours: Glory of the martyrs, p133–4. Trans. van DamR.Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press.
98.
GustafsonJames. 2004. An examined faith: The grace of self-doubt. Minneapolis: Fortress.
99.
Gutierrez, Gustavo. 1971/1988. A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation. Trans. Caridad Inda. 15th Anniversary Edition with New Introduction by Author. Maryknoll: New York: Orbis.
100.
HamansPaul. 2010. Edith Stein and her companions. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
101.
HamelRon, DuboseEdwin, eds. 1996. Must we suffer our way to death? Cultural and theological perspectives on death by choice. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.
102.
HankeyW. J.2002. Aquinas and the Platonists. In The Platonic tradition in the Middle Ages and the early modern period—a lexicographic approach, Editor of Hankey (2002) ed. Stephen Girsch and Marten J.F.M. Hoenen., 279–324. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
103.
HarveyJohn Collins. 1988. The morality of withdrawing or withholding food and fluid administered artificially to the individual in the Persistent Vegetative State. Phd thesis, Baltimore, MD: St. Mary's Seminary, UMI #8810421.
104.
HauerwasStanley. 1986. Suffering Presence: Theological Reflections on Medicine, the Mentally Handicapped and the Church. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
105.
HedbergKatrina, HopkinsDavid, LemanRichard, KohnMelvin. 2009. The ten-year experience of Oregon's death with dignity act: 1998–2007. The Journal of Clinical Ethics20: 124–32.
106.
HensilinJames M.2010. Social Problems: A Down to Earth Approach. Boston: Pearson, Allyn and Bacon, 26–52.
107.
HollenbachDavid S. J.1979. Claims in conflict: Retrieving and renewing the Catholic human rights tradition. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist.
108.
HolsteinMartha B., MitzenPhyllis B.2001. Ethics in community-based elder care. New York: Springer.
109.
HonnethAxel. 1996. The struggle for recognition: The moral grammar of social conflicts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
HunterRodney J.2004. Pastoral care and healthcare chaplaincy. In Encyclopedia of bioethics. Revised 3rd edition. ed., PostStephen. Vol. IV, 1975–80. New York: Thompson-Gale.
112.
Ignatius of Loyola. 1992. The spiritual exercises of Saint Ignatius: A translation and commentary. Trans. George Ganss, S.J. Chicago: Loyola Press.
113.
ImhofSara L., KaskieBrian. 2008. Promoting a “good death”: Determinants of pain-management policies in the United States. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law33: 907–41.
114.
InghamJane, PortenoyRuss, MohamudallyAnthoulla. 2009. Measurement of pain and other symptoms. In Oxford textbook of palliative medicine, 4th edition, as editors of the Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, 4th edition, Geoffrey Hanks, Nathan I. Cherny, Nicholas A. Christakis, Marie Fallon, Stein Kaasa, 203–22. New York: Oxford University Press.
115.
Institute of Medicine. 2011. Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research.
International Theological Commission (ITC). 1992. Some current questions in eschatology. Gregorianum73: 395–435; English translation: The Irish Theological Quarterly 58: 209–43.
118.
International Theological Commission. 2012. Theology today: Perspectives, principles, and criteria. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.
IrwinKevin W.2002. Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi—Origins and meaning: State of the question. Liturgical Ministry11: 57–69.
121.
IrwinKevin W.2005. Models of the Eucharist. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist.
122.
JensenRobin M.1995. The raising of Lazarus. Biblical Archaeology Review11: 20–9.
123.
Jesuit Superiors in Latin America.1990. The Jesuits in Latin America. InLiberation theology: A documentary history, Alfred T. Hennelly, S. J., ed. 77–83. New York: Orbis.
124.
JobsSteve. 2005. You've Got to Find What You Love. Commencement Address. Stanford University. Stanford News 06/14/2005, 1.
125.
John XXIII, Pope. 1961. Mater et Magistra. Acta Apostolicae Sedis53: 401–64.
126.
John Paul II, Pope. 1984. On the Christian meaning of human suffering (Salvifici doloris). Acta Apostolicae Sedis76: 210–50.
John Paul II, Pope. 1995. Evangelium vitae. Acta Apostolicae Sedis87: 401–522.
129.
JohnsonElizabeth. 1999. Friends of God and prophets: A feminist theological reading of the communion of saints. New York: Continuum.
130.
JohnsonElizabeth. 2003. Truly our sister: A theology of Mary in the communion of saints. New York: Continuum.
131.
JohnstoneBrian. C.SS.R. 1985. The sanctity of life-the quality of life. Linacre Quarterly53: 58–70.
132.
JoinsonCarla C.1992. Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing22: 116–121.
133.
JonsenAlbert, ToulminStephen. 1988. The abuse of casuistry: A history of moral reasoning. Berkeley: University of California.
134.
KabirAnanya Jahanara. 2001. Private hopes, public claims? Paradisus and sinus Abrahae in prayer and liturgy, in Paradise, Death and Doomsday in Anglo-Saxon Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 111–40.
KavanaughJohn S. J.2006. Following Christ in a consumer society: The spirituality of cultural resistance, 25th anniversary edition. New York: Orbis.
137.
KeenanJames S. J.1993. The function of the principle of double effect. Theological Studies54: 294–315.
138.
KeenanJames, HarringtonDaniel. 2005. Jesus and virtue ethics: Building bridges between new testament studies and moral theology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
KirchhoffKilian. 1940. In Paradisum. Totenhymnen der byzantinischen Kirche. Uebertragung aus dem griech. Originaltext der Oktoechos. Muenster.
141.
KraemerDavid Charles. 1999. The meanings of death in Rabbinic Judaism. New York, NY: Routledge.
142.
KreeftPeter. 2009. Socrates meets Kant: The father of philosophy meets his most influential modern child. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
143.
Kübler-RossElizabeth. 1969/1997. Death and dying. New York: Scribner.
144.
KüngHans, WalterJens, eds. 1996. Dying with dignity: A plea for personal responsibility. New York: Continuum International.
145.
LammJulia A., ed. 2013. The Wiley-Blackwell companion to Christian mysticism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
146.
LenhardtAndreas. 1999. “Therefore they ordained to say it in Aramaic,” some remarks on language and style of the Kaddish. In Jewish studies at the turn of the twentieth century: Biblical, rabbinical, ed., Targarona BorrásJudith, Sáenz-BadillosÁngel, 303–11. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
147.
LevenIlana, ParkerMichael. 2011. Prevalence of depression in granted and refused requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Ethics37: 205–11.
148.
LevineCarol., ed. 2004. Always on call: When illness turns families into caregivers. Nashville, TN: United Hospital Fund Book, Vanderbilt University Press.
149.
LonerganBernard S. J.1980. A response to Father Dych. In Theology and discovery: Essays in Honor of Karl Rahner, SJ, ed., KellyWilliam J., SJ, 54–7. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press.
150.
LusardiPaula, JodkaPaul, StambovskyMark. 2011. The going home initiative: Getting critical care patients home with hospice. Critical Care Nurse31(5): 46–57.
151.
LutherMartin. n.d. Not every suicide is damned. In Luther's works, ed., GrimmH. J., LehmanH. T.V. 54, 24. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
152.
LysikDavid A., ed. 2004. The liturgy documents: A Parish resource, vol. I. Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications.
153.
MadiganKevin L., LevensonJon D.2008. Resurrection: The power of God for Christians and Jews. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
154.
MarionJean Luc. 1991. God without being. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
155.
MarionJean Luc. 2002. Being given: Toward a phenomenology of givenness. Berkeley: Stanford University Press.
156.
MartzLouis. 1962. The poetry of meditation. A study of English religious literature of the seventeenth century. 1954. Rev. New Haven: Yale UP, 27–32.
157.
McCoolGerald. 1977. Catholic theology in the nineteenth century: The quest for a unity method. New York: Seabury.
158.
McCormickRichard. 1997. SJ Vive la Difference! Killing and allowing to die. America177(18): 6–12.
159.
McGinnBernard. 2006. The essential writings of Christian mysticism. New York: Modern Library.
160.
MelhadoLolita W., ByersJacqueline Fowler. 2011. Patients’ and Surrogates’ decision-making characteristics: Withdrawing, withholding, and continuing life-sustaining treatments. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing13: 16–28.
161.
MittfordJessica. 1963/1998. The American way of death. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1963; Revised, The American Way of Death Revisited. New York: Vintage.
162.
MurphyRoland. 2000. Quaestio Disputata: Is the Paschal mystery really the primary hermeneutical principle?Theological Studies61: 139–46.
163.
MurrayJohn Courtney. 2005. We hold these truths: Catholic reflections on the american proposition. New York: Sheed and Ward.
Origen. 2009. Homilies on numbers, ed. HallChristopher A., translated by Thomas P. Scheck. Homily 21. Downer Grove, IL; IVP Academic: 131–134.
175.
O'RourkeKevin D., KopfensteinerThomas, HamelRon. 2001. A brief history: A summary of the development of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services. Health Progress82(6): 18–21.
176.
Oxford English Dictionary. 1979. Compact edition, vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1183, s.v. “Burden, Burdensome”.
177.
PanCynthia X., Sean MorrisonR., MeierDiane E., NataleDana K., GoldhirschSuzy L., KralovecPeter, CasselChristine K.2001. How prevalent are hospital-based palliative care programs? Status report and future directions. Journal of Palliative Medicine4: 315–24.
178.
PaxtonF.X.1990/1996. Christianizing death. The creation of a ritual process in early medieval Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
179.
Paul VI, Pope. 1971. Letter Octogesima Adveniens to Cardinal Maurice Roy. In The Gospel of justice and peace: Catholic Social Teaching Since Pope John. Ed. GremillionJoseph. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press.
PevyCarolyn F., JonesTom J., YarberAnnice. 2009. How religion comforts the dying: A qualitative inquiry. OMEGA58: 41–59.
182.
PhanPeter. 1984. Contemporary context and issues in eschatology. Theological Studies55: 507–36.
183.
PickeringW.S.F.1994. The Enigma of Durkheim's Jewishness. In Debating Durkheim, PickeringW.S.F., MartinsH., eds. London: Routledge, 10–39.
184.
Pius XII, Pope. 1957. Allocution to doctors on moral problems of pain management. Acta Apostolicae Sedis49: 135.
185.
Pius XII, Pope. 1958. The prolongation of life: An address of Pope Pius XII to an international congress of anesthesiologists. The Pope Speaks4: 393–8.
186.
PopeStephen J.1993. Proper and improper partiality and the preferential option for the poor. Theological Studies54: 242–71.
187.
PorterJean. 1995. Moral action and Christian ethics, 84–124. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
188.
PowerDavid N.1996. Commendation of the dying and the reading of the passion. In Rule of prayer, rule of faith: essays in honor of Aidan Kavanagh, O.S.B, ed., MitchellN., BaldovinJ. F., 281–302. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.
189.
Presbyterian Church, USA. 1995. In life and in death we belong to God: Euthanasia, assisted suicide, and end-of-life issues. USA: Presbyterian Church.
190.
President's Council on Bioethics. 2005. Taking Care: Ethical Caregiving in our Aging Society. Washington, DC: US Executive Office of the President.
191.
President's Council on Bioethics. 2008. The neurological standard for determining death. Controversies in the determination of death: A white paper by the President's Council on bioethics. Washington, DC: President's Council on Bioethics.
192.
Prince-PaulMaryjo. 2009. When hospice is the best option. Oncology Nurse23(4): 13–7.
193.
PuchalskiChristina M., FerrellBetty, ViraniRose, Otis-GreenShirley, BairdPamela, BullJanet, ChochinovHarvey, HandzoGeorge, Nelson-BeckerHolly, Prince-PaulMaryjo, PuglieseKaren, SulmasyDaniel. 2009. Improving the quality of spiritual care as a dimension of palliative care: The report of the consensus conference. Journal of Palliative Medicine12: 885–904.
194.
RahnerKarl S. J.1964. The logic of concrete individual knowledge in Ignatius Loyola. In The dynamic element in the Church, trans., O'HaraW. J., 84–170. New York: Herder and Herder.
195.
RahnerKarl S. J.1965. On the theology of death, trans., HenkeyC.H.Revised. New York: Herder and Herder.
196.
RahnerKarl S. J.1975. On the question of a formal existential ethics. In Theological investigations. Vol. 2, Man in the Church, trans., KrugerKarl H.New York: Seabury: 217–34.
197.
RahnerKarl S. J. 1975/1981. Die Freiheit des Kranken in Theologischen Sicht. Stimmen der Zeit193: 31–40. Revised in Schriften zur Theologie. Volume 12. Theologie Aus Erfahrung des Geistes. Einsiedeln: Benzinger Verlag, 1975: 439–454. The Liberty of the Sick, Theologically Considered. Trans. Margaret Kohl in Theological Investigations. Vol. 17, Jesus, Man and the Church, New York: Crossroad, 100–113.
198.
RahnerKarl S. J. 1982. A hermeneutics of eschatological assertions. Theological investigations. Trans. Kevin Smyth in Volume 4, More Recent Writings. New York: Crossroad.
199.
RandhoferRegina. 2004. By the rivers of Babylon: Echoes of the Babylonian past in the musical heritage of the Iraqi Jewish Diaspora. Ethnomusicology Forum13: 21–45; at 37, 38, figs. 9–10.
200.
RatzingerJoseph. 1988/2007. Eschatology: Death and eternal life. Washington, DC: Catholic University Press.
201.
Ratzinger, Joseph. 1988/2009. Faith and Interculturation. In International Theological Commission, Vol 2. Texts and Documents, 1986–2007, Michael Sharkey and Father Thomas Weinandy, eds. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1–23.
202.
RatzingerJoseph. 1991/1996. Called to communion: Understanding the Church today. San Francisco: Ignatius.
203.
RatzingerJoseph. 1993. The Catechism of the Catholic Church and the optimism of the redeemed. Communio20: 469–84.
204.
RatzingerJoseph. 1999. Many religions, one covenant: Israel, the Church, and the World.San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
205.
RatzingerJoseph. 2005. Pilgrim fellowship of faith: The Church as communion. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
ReichWarren. 2004. Care, history of the notion of care and historical dimensions of an ethic of care in healthcare. In, PostStephen, ed. Encyclopedia of bioethics, Revised 3rd edition, Vol. I. New York: Thompson-Gale, 349–67.
208.
ReinisAustra. 2007. Reforming the art of dying: The Ars moriendi in the German reformation (1519–1528). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
209.
RicoeurPaul. 1977. Freud and philosophy: An essay on interpretation, translated by, SavageDennis. New Have: Yale University Press.
210.
RicoeurPaul. 2006a. Memory, history, forgetting, trans., BlameyKathleen, PellauerDavid. Chicago: University of Chicago.
211.
RicoeurPaul. 2006b. Accompagner la vie jusqu’à la mort. Ésprit (mars-avril, 2006): 316–20.
212.
RogersTanya T.2009. Hospice myths: What is hospice really about?Pennsylvania Nurse64(4): 4–8.
213.
RomeroArchbishop Oscar. 1985. Voice of the voiceless: The four pastoral letters and other statements. New York: Orbis.
214.
RosenblattLaurie, BlockS. D.2001. Depression, decision making, and the cessation of life-sustaining treatment. Western Journal of Medicine175: 320–5.
SatterlyLamont. 2001. Guilt, shame, and religious and spiritual pain. Holistic Nursing Practice15(2): 30–9.
217.
SchockenhoffEberhard. 1992. Den eigenen Tod annehmen: Sterbehilfe und Sterbebegleitung aus theologischer Sicht. In Hilfe zum Sterben? Hilfe beim Sterben!, ed., HeppHermann. Dusseldorf: Patmos: 108–26.
218.
SchönbornChristopher. 1993. Major themes and underlying principles of the Universal Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Living Light30(1): 55–64.
219.
Schussler FiorenzaElizabeth. 1994. Feminist theology as a critical theology of liberation, in discipleship of equals: A critical feminist ekklesialogy of liberation. New York: Crossroad. 53–79.
220.
ScorceseMartin. 2012. “A Final Edit,” response to Robert E. Lauder. America20612: 29–30.
SicardDamien. 1975. “Préparation à la mort et prière pour les agonisants”. In La maladie et la mort du chrétien dans la liturgie. Conférences Saint-Serge XXIe Semaine d’études liturgiques, Paris 1–4 juillet 1974, ed., TriaccaAchille M., LiturgicheEdizioni. Roma: 327–37.
223.
SicardDamien. 1978. La Liturgie De La Mort Dans L'eglise Latine Des Origines a La Reforme Carolingienne. LQF 63. Munster: Aschendorf.
224.
SicardDamien. 1988. “Christian Death. In the new edition of The Church at Prayer, vol III, The Sacraments. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 221–36.
225.
SiebenrockRoman A.2007. Gratia Christi: The Heart of the Theology of Karl Rahner: Ignatian Influences in the Codex De Gratia Christi (1937/38) and Its Significance for the Development of His Work. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia63: 1261–72.
226.
SmithAlex K., CenzerIrena Stijacic, KnightSara J, PuntilloKathleen A, WideraEric, WilliamsBrie A, BoscardinW John, CovinskKenneth E.2010. The epidemiology of pain during the last 2 years of life. Annals of Internal Medicine153: 563–69.
227.
SmitsHelen, FurlettiMaureen, VladeckBruce. 2002. Palliative care: An opportunity for medicare. New York, NY: Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
228.
SpenceJonathan D.1985. The memory palace of Matteo Ricci. New York: Penguin.
229.
SpinksBrian D.1991. The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
230.
StephannHolthaus, JahnkeTimo. 2008. Aktive Sterbehilfe: Ausweg oder Irrweg?Giesen: Brunnen Verlag.
StandaertNicholas. 2007. The composition of place: Creating space for the encounter. The Way46: 7–20.
233.
StevensonMargaret Low. 2010. ‘This man does many signs’ (John 11:47): Controversies over raising the dead.” Dissertation, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, UMI #3435468.
234.
SulmasyDaniel P.2005. Terry Schiavo and the Roman Catholic tradition of forgoing extraordinary means of care. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics33: 359–62.
235.
SulmasyDaniel P.2006a. Spiritual issues in the care of dying patients: “It's Okay between Me and God.” Journal of the American Medical Association296: 1385.
236.
SulmasyDaniel P.2006b. A balm for Gilead: Meditations on spirituality and the healing arts. Washington, DC: Georgetown.
237.
SulmasyDaniel P.2006c. The rebirth of the clinic: An introduction to spirituality in health care. Washington: Georgetown.
238.
SulmasyDaniel P.2010. The last word: The catholic case for advance directives. America203(16): 13–6.
239.
SulmasyDaniel, PellegrinoEdmund. 1999. The rule of double effect: Clearing up the double talk. Archives of Internal Medicine159: 545–9.
240.
SulmasyDan, SoodJohanna R., UryWayne A.2004. The quality of care plans for patients with do-not resuscitate orders. Archives of Internal Medicine164: 1573–8.
241.
SulmasyDan, SnyderLois. 2010. Substituted interests and best judgments: An integrated model of surrogate decision making. Journal of the American Medical Association304(17): 1946–7.
242.
SymeRodney. 2009. Necessity to palliate pain and suffering as a defence to medical homicide. Journal of Law & Medicine17(3): 439–51.
243.
Teno, Joan M., Vincent Mor, Nicholas Ward, Jason Roy, Brian Clarridge, John E. Wennberg, Elliott S. Fisher. 2005. Bereaved family member perceptions of quality of end-of-life care in U.S. regions with high and low usage of intensive care unit care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 53(11): 1905–11.
244.
TenoJoan M., ShuJanet E., CasarettDavid, SpenceCarol, RhodesRamona, ConnorStephen. 2007. Timing of referral to hospice and quality of care: Length of stay and bereaved family members' perceptions of the timing of hospice referral. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management34(2): 120–25.
245.
TerrenoireGwen. 2000. Avis sur Fin de vie, arrêt de vie, euthanasie. Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique pour les sciences de la vie et de la santé, n. 63–27.
ThomasKetty. 2008. The Lazarus crisis: Subjectivity, language and sacrifice in cultural narratives. Dissertation, Stony Brook, NY: Stony Brook University. UMI #3340132.
248.
Torres QueirugaAndrés, SusinLuiz Carlos, SobrinoJon. 2006. The Resurrection of the Dead, Concilium 5. London: SCM.
249.
TuckerKatherine. 2004. Medico-legal case report and commentary: Inadequate pain management in the context of terminal cancer: The case of Lester Tomlinson. Pain Medicine5: 214–7.
250.
UllendorffEdward. 2003. Some notes on the relationship of the Paternoster to the Qaddish. Journal of Jewish Studies54: 122–4.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB; formerly National Conference of Catholic Bishops). 1985/1998. “Order of Christian Funerals” (Ordo Exsequiarum), The Roman Ritual. Totowa, NJ: Catholic Book Publishing Corporation.
253.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 1969/2002. Ordo Lectionum Missae. Editio typica (Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1969); Ordo Lectionum Missae, editio typica altera (Vatican City: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1981); Lectionary for Mass: List of Readings and Charts for the Liturgy of the Word (Washington, DC: United States Catholic Conference, 1969; 2nd edition 1970); Lectionary for Mass: For Use in the Dioceses of the United States of America: Second Typical Edition. Vols I-IV ([various publishers], 1998–2002).
254.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2003. Rites of ordination of a Bishop, of Priests, and of Deacons, 2nd edition. Washington, DC: USCCB Publishing.
255.
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2009. Ethical and religious directives for Catholic health care services, 5th edition. Washington, DC: USCCB.
256.
VallinJacques, Commentary. 2007. “Epidemiologic transition” interrupted or sweep to the second stage of “health transition”?International Journal of Epidemiology36: 384–6.
257.
Vatican Council II. 1964. Sacrosanctum Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy). Acta Apostolicae Sedis56: 97–144.
258.
Vatican Council II. 1965a. Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World). Acta Apostolicae Sedis58: 1025–120.
259.
Vatican Council II. 1965b. Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church). Acta Apostolicae Sedis57: 5–71.
260.
Vatican Council II. 1966a. Christus Dominus (Decree on Pastoral Office of Bishops). Acta Apostolicae Sedis58: 673–96.
261.
Vatican Council II. 1966b. Optatum Totius. (Decree on Priestly Training). Acta Apostolicae Sedis58: 713–27.
262.
von BalthasarHan Urs. 1990. Mysterium paschal: The mystery of Easter, trans., NicholsAidan. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
263.
WalkerJeffrey. 2000. Rhetoric and poetics in antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
264.
WaltersKerry. 2011. The art of dying and living: Lessons from saints of our time. Maryknoll: Orbis.
265.
Wandrey, Irina. Mourning rituals for women and for men. In A feminist commentary on the Babylonian Talmud: Introduction and studies, T. Ilan, T. Or, D. Saltzer, C. Steuer, and Irina Wandrey, ed. 269–88. Tuebingen.
266.
WeitzmanMichael. 1993. The Qaddish Prayer and the Peshitta of Chronicles. In Hebrew and Arabic studies in honor of Joshua Blau, ed., Ben ShammaH.Haggai, Tel Aviv: The Chain Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies/Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 261–90.
267.
WeitzmanMichael. 2001. The Origin of the Qaddish. Hebrew scholarship and the medieval world, ed., de LangeNicholas, 131–8. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
268.
WerthJames L.2004. The relationships among clinical depression, suicide, and other actions that may hasten death. Behavioral Sciences and the Law22: 627–49.
269.
WhiteDouglas B., CurtisJ. Randall, WolfLeslie E., PrendergastThomas J., TaichmanDarren B., KuniyoshiGary, AcerraFrank, LoBernard, LuceJohn M.2007. Life support for patients without a surrogate decision maker: who decides?Annals of Internal Medicine147: 34–40.
270.
WhiteKevin. 2002. The Passions of the Soul, (IaIIae, qq 22–48). In The ethics of Aquinas, ed., PopeStephen. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 103–15.
271.
WojtylaKarol. 1981. Faith according to St. John of the Cross. San Francisco: St. Ignatius.
