Chestnut hydrolysable tannins are phenolic materials that have been considered too unreactive to compete in the phenolic resin adhesives market for exterior boards for the building industry. However, an article in 1973 describing 3 years of industrial application of chestnut hydrolysable tannins during the first oil crisis indicated that this was not the case. This previous work has been extended by using superior phenolic resins formulations and producing phenol–formaldehyde–chestnut tannin adhesives where a substitution of up to 80% of the phenol is possible with remarkably good results. The reactions involved were clarified by 13C NMR and MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry.
PizziA. 1979. Phenol and tannin-based adhesive resins by reactions of coordinated metal ligands, Part 1: Phenolic chelates.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 24: 1247–1257.
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PizziA, ed. (edited). 1983. Wood adhesives: chemistry and technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 177–246.
12.
PizziA. 1997. On the correlation of some theoretical and experimental parameters in polycondensation cross-linked networks.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 63: 603–617.
13.
PizziA. 1999. On the correlation equations of liquid and solid 13C NMR, TMA, Tg and network strength in polycondensation resins.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 71(10): 1703–1709.
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PizziA, PaschH, RodeK, GiovandoS. 2009. Polymer structure of commercial hydrolisable tannins by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 113: 3847–3859.
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PizziA, ProbstF, DegliseX. 1997. Molecular mechanics modelling of interfacial energy and flexibility.J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 11(4): 573–590.
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PizziA, ScharfetterH. 1978. The chemistry and development of tannin-based wood adhesives for exterior plywood.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22: 1745–1761.
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ZhaoC, GarnierS, PizziA. 1998. Particleboard dry and wet IB forecasting by gel time and dry TMA bending in PF wood adhesives.Holz Roh. Werkstoff. 56: 402–403.
