Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

An innovative means of measuring the end-forces in a softened wood specimen during a bending process has been developed, incorporating a resultant end-force sensor. The impact of end-forces on wood deformation and associated bending performance has been investigated, and a correlation was found to exist between end-force and bending performance. The technique enables the systematic control of axial compression end-forces so that bending induced wood failure, as measured by longitudinal strain at the convex edge, can be minimised. While incorporating traditional manual end-force adjustment, it is envisaged that that this technique could facilitate automation of the bending process. Friction was identified as a significant impediment to the establishment of a reliable relationship between end-force and wood strain during bending.

Keywords

Wood bending Mechanics Axial end-force Strain measurement

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

AS/NZS 1080·1:1997 Timber – method of test – moisture content . Australian standards. ISBN 0-7337-088406.

Avallone

, Baumeister

. 1997. Marks’ standard handbook for mechanical engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Bodig

, Jayne

. 1982. Mechanics of wood and wood composites. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.

Dinwoodie

. 1989. Wood: nature's cellular, polymeric, fibre-composite. London: The Institute of Metals.

Fessel

. 1951. Probleme beim Holzbiegen. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. 9: 56–62.

Jorgensen

. 1968. Steam bending of hickory. Forest Products Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.

Juniper

. 2007. Investigation into the mechanical behaviour of Eucalyptus regnans during microwave bending. PhD thesis. The University of Melbourne, Australia.

Kingston

RST

. 1939. A Reconnaissance of the bending qualities of some Australian timbers. Journal of CSIRO no. 12, Division of Forest Products, Melbourne, Australia.

Kollmann

FFP

, Cote

. 1968. Principles of wood science and technology, Part 1. New York: Springer-Verlag.

10.

Makinaga

, Norimoto

, Inque

. 1997. Permanent fixation of bending deformation of wood by steam treatment. Wood Res. (84): 1997.

11.

Mendoza

. 1984. Bending properties of Philippine woods. For. Prod. Res. Dev. Inst. J. XIII (2): 54–67.

12.

Natividad

. 1989. Bending quality improvement of solid bentwood stocks for furniture components. For. Prod. Res. Dev. Inst. J. 18 (1): 78–88.

13.

Peck

. 1957. Bending solid wood to form. Agriculture handbook no. 125, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.

14.

Prodehl

. 1921. Untersuchungen über das Biegen gedäpften. Rotbuche. Diss. Tech. Hochschule Dresden. Comp.: Z. VDI 75: 1217

15.

, Chai

. 1995. Study on the application of microwave-heating system for making bent-wood furniture (I). Mokchae Konghak. 23 (3): 79–81.

16.

Stevens

, Turner

. 1970. Wood bending handbook. Forest Products Research Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, UK.

17.

Teichgräber

. 1953. Über die Spannungszustände bei der Verformung von Holz und die dadurch geänderten Holzeigenschaften. Dissertation. University of Hamburg, Germany.

18.

Wangaard

. 1952. The steam-bending of beech. Beech utilization series no. 3, Northeastern Technical Committee on the Utilization of Beech, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.

19.

Wood handbook

1999. Wood handbook – wood as an engineering material. General technical report 113. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA.

Wood bending mechanics: Effect of resultant end-force

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References