The microstructural evolution and structure–property correlation subjected to deep cryotreatment of tool steel were studied. The results show that the retained austenite continues to transform into martensite almost but not complete at low temperature. The topography of retained austenite exhibits as a nanoscale thin film with a thickness range of 20–60 nm between the martensite laths. The changes of internal friction peaks have been explained well by the coupling model, which indicates that deep cryotreatment is not only removing retained austenite but also promoting the interstitial carbon atoms segregated to nearby dislocations under the shrinking strain energy. In addition, more carbides precipitated from the matrix during tempering in cryotreated samples and were verified by analyses of transmission electron microscopy.
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