Air cooled bainitic steels for strong,seamless pipes Part 1 – alloy design,kinetics and microstructure

Abstract

Seamless pipes are usually quenched and tempered after manufacture in order to obtain the desired properties. The possibility of avoiding this heat treatment is explored here, by designing steels which transform into an carbide free bainitic microstructure during cooling from the hot processing phase of the pipe. The cooling conditions studied are appropriate for the manufacturing process and care has been taken to ensure that the correct microstructure is generated for the range of cooling rates experienced in industrial practice. The alloy design has been validated by kinetic and microstructural studies.

Keywords

SEAMLESS PIPE BAINITE RETAINED AUSTENITE INCOMPLETE REACTION

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Gorni

A. A.

and Mei

P. R.

: J. Mater. Process. Technol, 2005, 162-163, 298–303.

Sandvik

B. P. J.

and Nevalainen

H. P.

: Met. Technol, 1981, 8, 213–220.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Met. Sci., 1983, 17, 411–419.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Met. Sci., 1983, 17, 420–425.

Miihkinen

V. T. T.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 1983, 3, 422–431.

Miihkinen

V. T. T.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Mater. Sci Technol, 1987, 3, 432–440.

Miihkinen

V. T. T.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Mater. Sci. Technol, 1983, 3, 441–449.

Wenyan

, Jingxin

and Hesheng

: J. Mater. Sci., 1997, 32, 427–430.

Barbacki

and Mikolajski

: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1998, 78, 18–23.

10.

Wei

D. Y.

, Gu

J. L.

, Fang

H. S.

, Bai

B. Z.

and Yang

Z. G.

: Int. J. Fatigue, 2004, 26, 437–442.

11.

Caballero

F. G.

, Santofimia

M. J.

, Capdevila

, Garcia-Mateo

and de Andres

C. G.

: ISIJ Int., 2006, 46, 1479–1488.

12.

Fang

, Fan

, Ralph

, Evans

and Underhill

: J. Mater. Sci, 2003, 38, 3877-3882.

13.

Dorazil

, Barta

, Munsterova

, Stransky

and Huvar

: AFS Int. Cast Met. 1, 1982, 22, 52–62.

14.

Moore

D. J.

, Rouns

T. N.

and Rundman

K. B.

: AFS Trans., 1985, 93, 705–718.

15.

Franetovic

, Sachdev

and Ryntz

E. F.

: Metallography, 1987, 20, 15–36.

16.

Caballero

F. G.

, Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

, Mawella

K. J. A.

, Jones

D. G.

and Brown

: Mater. Sci Technol, 2001, 17, 512–516.

17.

Caballero

F. G.

, Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

, Mawella

K. J. A.

, Jones

D. G.

and Brown

: Mater. Sci Technol, 2001, 17, 517–522.

18.

Deliry

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall., 1965, 62, 527–550.

19.

Pomey

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall., 1966, 63, 507–532.

20.

Schissler

J. M.

, Arnould

and Metauer

: Mem. Sci Rev. Metall, 1975, 72, 779–793.

21.

Kozeschnik

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2008, 24, 343–347.

22.

Singh

S. B.

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci Eng. A, 1998, A245, 72–79.

23.

Pickering

F. B.

: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on ‘Electron microscopy’, 626-637; 1958, Berlin, Springer Verlag.

24.

Pickering

F. B.

: ‘Physical metallurgy and the design of steels’; 1978, Essex, Applied Science Publishers.

25.

Chatterjee

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2006, 22, 645–649.

26.

Caballero

F. G.

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2005, 8, 186–193.

27.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Met. Sci., 1982, 16, 159–165.

28.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Met. Sci., 1981, 15, 175–177.

29.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Met. Sci., 1981, 15, 178–150.

30.

Christian

J. W.

: ‘Theory of transformations in metal and alloys, Part I’, 3rd edn; 2003, Oxford, Pergamon Press.

31.

Khan

S. A.

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Metall Trans. A, 1990, 21A, 859–875.

32.

Jolley

: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1968, 206, 170–172.

33.

Norstrom

L. A.

and Vingsbo

: Met. Sci., 1979, 13, 677–684.

34.

Briant

C. L.

and Banerji

S. K.

: Int. Met. Rev., 1978,23, (4), 164.-199.

35.

Olefjord

: Int. Met. Rev., 1989, 4, 149–163.

36.

Gomez

, Perez

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: Mater. Sci. Technol, DOT: 10.1179/174328408X388149.

37.

‘Standard test methods for notched bar impact testing of metallic materials’, E 23 07a, ASTM, Pennsylvania, PA, USA, 2007.

38.

Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

and Edmonds

D. V.

: Met. Sci., 1979, 13, 325–334.

39.

Wilson

F. G.

and Gladman

: Int. Mater. Rev., 1988, 33, 221–286.

40.

Walker

K. D.

and Marshall

R. I.

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1990, 6, 867–871.

41.

Gladman

: Heat Treat. Met., 1994, 21, 11–14.

42.

Eldridge

M. F.

and Cochrane

R. C.

: Mater. Sci. Forum, 1998, 284-286, 217–224.

43.

Andrews

K. W.

: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1965, 203, 721–727.

44.

DeHoff

R. T.

and Rhines

F. N.

: ‘Quantitative microscopy’; 1968, New York, McGraw Hill.

45.

Maynier

, Jungmann

and Dollet

: in ‘Hardenability concepts with applications to steels’, (ed. Doane

D. V.

and Kirkaldy

J. S.

), 518-545; 1978, Materials Park, OH, TMS—AIME.