Friction stir welding generates complex microstructures in the nugget and thermomechamically affected zones that have led to diverse explanations. Consideration as an extension of microstructure development in piercing/extrusion can lead to a better understanding of flow patterns and microstructures during friction stir welding. The nugget, thermomechanically affected and heat affected zones were microstructurally characterised in terms of grain and cell structures and of strain, strain rate and temperatures. The microstructure between the advancing and retreating zones showed an asymmetry in size and shape of grains and cells, clearly owing to a different level of strain rate to which were subjected the two zone as the pin passed.
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