The aim of the present work is to adapt tests that are typically used for blast furnace cokes, such as coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction, to ferroalloy production in electric furnaces by developing easier equipment that meets with ISO 18894 standards. Moreover, a new technique has also been developed using thermal gravimetric analysis in order to quickly, inexpensively and reliably find the CRI parameter. As result of this work, a polynomial relationship between coke's reactivity and mass loss slopes of the record line obtained in the gravimetric thermal analysis tests was found.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
CoresA.VerdejaL. F.FerreiraS.Ruiz-BustinzaI.MochónJ.: ‘Iron ore sintering. Part 1: theory and practice of sintering process’, Dyna, 2013, 80, 152–171.
2.
OliveiraF.: ‘Étude des Matériauxcarbonésutiliséscommeréducteus pour la production des alliages de manganésedans le four électrique’, PhD thesis, École Centrale Paris, Paris, France; 2010.
3.
KamalpourS.RankinW. J.: ‘The behavior of coke in submerged arc furnace smelting of ferromanganese’, Proc. 10th Int. Ferroalloys Cong. on ‘Transformation through technology‘, Cape Town, South Africa, February 2004, International Committee on Ferro-Alloys (ICFA), 381–390.
4.
OlsenS.TangstadM.LindstadT.: ‘Production of manganese ferroalloys’, 1st edn; 2007, Trondheim, 6 SINTEF and Tapir Academic Press.
RoineA.: ‘Software Outokumpu HSC chemistry thermochemical database’; version 5.112002, Outokumpu, Outokumpu Research Oy.
7.
IdaS.NishiT.NakamaH.: ‘Behaviour of burden in the Higashida No. 5 blast furnace’, J. Fuel Soc. Jpn, 1971, 50, 645–654.
8.
DíezM. A.ÁlvarezR.BarriocanalC.: ‘Coal for metallurgical coke production: predictions of coke quality and future requirements for cokemaking’, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2002, 50, 389–412.
9.
MochónJ.CoresA.Ruiz-BustizaI.VerdejaL. F.RoblaJ. I.García-CarcedoF.: ‘Iron ore sintering. Part 2: quality indices and productivity’, Dyna, 2014, 81, 168–177.
10.
MenéndezJ. A.ÁlvarezR.PisJ. J.: ‘Determination of metallurgical coke reactivity at INCAR: NSC and ECE-INCAR reactivity tests’, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 1999, 26, 117–121.
11.
ArendtP.HuhnF.KuhlH.SbierczikG.: ‘CRI and CSR an assessment of influential factor’, Cokemaking Int., 2000, 12, 62–68.
12.
LyalyukV. A.SheremetA. V.KekuhP. L.OtorvinA. K.TarakanovD. A.KassimV. L. P.: ‘Investigation of coke reactivity effect on parameters of blast furnace operation’, Metall. Min. Ind., 2010, 2, 317–323.
WuY.WuS.GuJ.GaoJ.: ‘Differences in physical properties and CO2 gasification reactivity between coal char and petroleum coke’, Process. Saf. Environ., 2009, 87, 323–330.
HildingT.KazubernsK.GuptaS.SahajwallaV.SakurovsR.BjökmanB.WikströmJ. O.: ‘Effect of temperature on coke properties and CO2 reactivity under laboratory conditions and in an experimental blast furnace’, Proc. Conf. on ‘Iron & steel technology’, Charlotte, NC, USA, May 2005, Iron and Steel Society497–505.
17.
DlugszA.BudzynS.SadowskiA.StachuraR.: ‘The effect of temperature and CO2 concentration in reaction gas coke reactivity’, Arch. Metall. Mater, 2005, 50, 977–987.
18.
SakurovsR.BurkeL.: ‘Influence of gas composition on the reactivity of cokes’, Fuel Process. Technol., 2011, 92, 1220–1224.
GrigoreM.SakurovsR.FrenchD.SahajwallaV.: ‘Coke gasification: the influence and behavior of inherent catalytic mineral matter’, Energy Fuels, 2009, 23, 2075–2085.
21.
GrigoreM.SakurovsR.FrenchD.SahajwallaV.: ‘Mineral reactions during coke gasification with carbon dioxide’, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2008, 75, 213–224.
22.
SahajwallaV.DubikobaM.KhannaR.: ‘Reductant characterization and selection: implications for ferroalloys processing’, Proc. 10th Int. Ferroalloys Cong. on ‘Transformation through technology’, Cape Town, South Africa, February 2004, International Committee on Ferro-Alloys (ICFA), 351–362.
23.
JeeK. E.: ‘The effect of coal properties on carbonization behaviour and strength of coke blends’, PhD thesis, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; 2012.
