Abstract
The objective of the present study was to simulate liquid steel flow entry behaviour into a curved billet mould when supplied by an open stream or using a submerged entry nozzle (SEN). For the SEN modelling, nozzle misalignments were considered to determine its effects on the mould flow dynamics. A three-dimensional numerical model in a Cartesian coordinate system was used. For spatial discretisation, a structured mesh was used. For the open stream, two phases (steel–air) were considered in order to study the free surface behaviour. Owing to extreme turbulence, this configuration is useful only for low quality steels. This can be eliminated using a SEN. When the SEN was employed, a multiphase system was also considered (steel–slag–air) to study the free surface stability. However, despite using an aligned SEN, non-symmetric flows are generated, which can be controlled with an appropriated inclination towards the inner radius.
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