All orthodontic patients who wear fixed appliances and participate in contact sports are recommended to wear a mouthguard for protection against dental trauma and injury. An overview of the different types of mouthguards currently available is described together with their relative suitability for orthodontic patients.
LoveR, ShaneCSport-related dental injury claims to the New Zealand accidental rehabilitation and compensation insurance corporation 1993–96. New Zealand Dent J1994; 94: 146–9.
2.
DorneyBDental screening for rugby players in New South Wales, Australia. FDI World1998; 7: 10–3.
3.
NewsomePRH, TranDC, CookeMS., The role of the mouthguard in the prevention o sports-related dental injuries: a review. Int J Paed Dent2001; 11: 396–404.
4.
AndreasenJ, RavnJEpidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to primary and permanent teeth in a Danish population sample. Int J of Oral Surg1972; 1: 235–9.
5.
RothmanDPaediatric orofacial injuries. J of Clin Dent Assoc1996; 24: 294–7.
6.
RoddH, CheshamDSports-related oral injury and mouthguard use among Sheffield school children. Community Dent Health1997; 14: 25–30.
7.
CavalleriG, ZermanNTraumatic crown fractures in permanent incisors with immature roots: a follow-up study. Endo and Dent Trauma1995; 11: 294–6.
8.
ToddJE, DoddTChildren's dental health in the United Kingdom 1983. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1985.
9.
McClellandC, KinironsK, GearyLA preliminary study of patient comfort associated with customised mouthguards. Br J Sports Med1999; 33: 186–9.
10.
TakedaT, IshigamiK, HoshinaS, . Can mouthguards prevent mandibular bone fractures and concussions? A laboratory study with an artificial skull model. Dent Traumatol2005; 21: 134–40.
11.
WalilkoT, BirC, GodwinW, KingARelationship between temporomandibular joint dynamics and mouth-guards: feasibility of a test method. Dent Traumatol2004; 20: 255–60.
12.
WestermanB, StringfellowPM, EcclestonJABeneficial effects of air inclusions on the performance of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med2002; 36: 51–3.
13.
DeYoungA, RobinsonE, GodwinWComparing comfort and wearability: custommade vs. self-adapted mouthguards. J Am Dent Assoc1994; 125: 1112–7.
14.
PatrickDG, van NoortR, FoundMS. Scale of protection and the various types of sports mouthguard. Br J Sports Med2005; 39: 278–81.
15.
ChapmanP, NasserBPrevalence of orofacial injuries and use of mouthguards in high school Rugby Union. Aust Dent J1996; 41: 252–5.
CrollT, CastaldiCThe custom-fitted athletic mouthguard for the orthodontic patient and for the child with a mixed dentition. Quintessence Int1989; 20: 571–5.
CrollTP, CastaldiCCCustom sports mouthguard modified for orthodontic patients and children in the transitional dentition. Paediatr Dent2004; 26: 417–20.
23.
GreasleyA, ImlachG, KaretBApplication of a standard test to the in vitro performance of mouthguards. Br J Sports Med1998; 32: 17–9.
24.
HoffmanJ, AlfterG, RudolphNK, Experimental comparative study of various mouthguards. Endo and Dent Traumatol1999; 15: 157–63.
25.
BulsaraYR, MatthewIRForces transmitted through a laminated mouthguard material with a sorbothane insert. Endo and Dent Traumatol1998; 14: 45–7.
26.
WatermeyerGJJ, ThomasCJ, JoosteCH., The protective potential of mouthguards. J Dent Assoc S Afr1985; 40: 173–7.
27.
de WetFA, HeynsM, PretoriusJShock absorption potential of different mouth guard materials. J Prosthet Dent1999; 82: 301–6.
28.
TakedaT, IshigamiK, HandaJ, Does hard insertion and space improve shock absorption ability of mouthguard? Dent Traumatol2006; 22: 77–82.
29.
WestermanB, StringfellowP, EcclestonJA, HarbrowDJEffects of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) closed cell foam on transmitted forces in mouthguard material. Br J Sports Med2002; 36: 205–8.
30.
ScottJ, BurkeFJ, WattsDCA review of dental injuries and the use of mouthguards in contact team sports. Br J Sports Med1994; 176: 110–4.
31.
KyriakosSIThe protection provided by custom-made mouthguards to bonded maxillary casts – an in vitro study. MSc thesis, University of Manchester, 2002.
