De MatteiM, CarusoA, TrainaGC, PezzettiF, BaroniT, SollazzoVCorrelation between pulsed electromagnetic fields exposure time and cell proliferation increase in human osteosarcoma cell lines and human normal osteoblast cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics1999; 20: 177–82.
2.
LandryPS, SadasivanKK, MarinoAA, AlbrightJAElectromagnetic fields can affect osteogenesis by increasing the rate of differentiation. Clin Orthop1997; 338: 262–70.
3.
Vander MolenMA, DonahueHJ, RubinCT, McLeodKJ. Osteoblastic networks with deficient coupling: differential effects of magnetic and electric field exposure. Bone2000; 2: 227–31.
4.
FitzsimmonsRJ, RyabyJT, MageeFP, BaylinkDJCombined magnetic fields increased net calcium flux in bone cells. Calcif Tissue Int1994; 55: 376–80.
5.
StarkTM, SinclairPMEffect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop.1987; 91: 91–104.
6.
DarendelilerMA, SinclairPM, KusyRPThe effect of samarium – cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1995; 107: 578–88.
7.
DarendelilerMA, DarendelilerA, SinclairPMEffect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg1997; 12: 43–5.
8.
BassetCABeneficial effects of electromagnetic fields. J Cell Biochem1993; 51: 387–93.
9.
KawataT, HirotaK, SumitaniK, UmeharaK, YanoK, TzengHJ, TabuchiTA new orthodontic force system of magnetic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1987; 92: 241–8.
10.
BondemarkL, KurolJDistalization of maxillary first and second molars simultaneously with repelling magnets. Eur J Orthod1992; 14: 264–72.
BlechmanAM, StegerERA possible mechanism of action of repelling, molar distalizing magnets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1995; 108: 428–31.
13.
HwangHS, LeeKHIntrusion of overerupted molars by corticotomy and magnets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop2001; 120: 209–16.
14.
VardimonAD, GraberTM, DrescherD, BourauelCRare earth magnets and impaction. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1991; 100: 494–512.
15.
OkiM, YamamotoY, YasunagaT, ShiinaR, KawanoS, NakasimaAA treatment method for bringing an impacted tooth into the dental arch using fine magnets—Measurements of traction force using NdFeB magnets. J Jpn Orthod Soc2001; 60: 104–11.
16.
SandlerPJAn attractive solution to unerupted teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1991; 100: 489–93.
17.
VardimonAD, GraberTM, VossLRStability of magnetic versus mechanical palatal expansion. Eur J Orthod1989; 11: 107–15.
18.
TomizukaR, KanetakaH, ShimizuY, SuzukiA, IgarashiK, MitaniHEffects of gradually increasing force generated by permanent rare earth magnets for orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod2006; 76: 1004–9.
19.
KotaniH, KawaguchiH, ShimoakaT, IwasakaM, UenoS, OzawaH, NakamuraK, HoshiKStrong static magnetic field stimulates bone formation to a definite orientation in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res2002; 17: 1814–21.
20.
YanQC, TomitaN, IkadaYEffects of static magnetic field on bone formation of rat femurs. Med Eng Phys1998; 20: 397–402.
LiuL, IgarashiK, HaruyamaN, SaekiS, ShinodaH, MitaniHEffects of local administration of clodronate on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Eur J Orthod2004; 26: 469–73.
23.
KameyamaT, MatsumotoY, WaritaH, SomaKInactivated periods of constant orthodontic forces related to desirable tooth movement in rats. J Orthod2003; 30: 31–7.
24.
KingGJ, KeelingSD, McCoyEA, WardTHMeasuring dental drift and orthodontic tooth movement in response to various initial forces in adult rats. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1991; 99: 456–65.
25.
SaekiMExperimental disuse atrophy and its repairing process in the periodontium of the rat molar. J Stomatol Soc Jpn1959; 26: 317–47.
26.
LasfarguesJJ, SaffarJLInhibition of prostanoid synthesis depresses alveolar bone resorption but enhances root resorption in the rat. Anat Rec1993; 237: 458–65.
27.
TengkuBS, JosephBK, HarbrowD, TaverneAAR, SymonsAL., Effect of a static magnetic field on orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Eur J Orthod2000; 22: 475–87.
28.
NodaK, YoshiiT, NakamuraY, KuwaharaYThe assessment of optimal orthodontic force in various tooth movements—Comparisons of tooth movement, root resorption, and degenerating tissue in tipping movement. J Jpn Orthod Soc2000; 59: 329–41.
29.
JarabakJRDevelopment of a treatment plan in the light of one's concept of treatment objectives. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1960; 46: 48
30.
KonooT, KimYJ, KingGJIntermittent force in orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res2001; 80: 457–60.
31.
KingGJ, ArcherL, ZhouDLater orthodontic appliance reactivation stimulates immediate appearance of osteoclasts and linear tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1998; 114: 692–7.
32.
KawarizadehA, BourauelC, ZhangD, GotzWCorrelation of stress and strain profiles and the distribution of osteoclastic cells induced by orthodontic loading in rat. Eur J Oral Sci2004; 112: 140–7.
33.
ChanE, DarendelilerMAPhysical properties of root cementum: part 5. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of light and heavy orthodontic-forces. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop2005; 127: 186–9
34.
KohnoT, MatsumotoY, KannoZ, WaritaH, SomaKExperimental tooth movement under light orthodontic forces: rates of tooth movement and changes of the periodontium. J Orthod2002; 29: 129–35.
35.
YamamotoY, OhsakiY, GotoT, NakasimaA, IijimaTEffects of Static magnetic fields on bone formation in rat osteoblast cultures. J Dent Res2003; 82: 962–6.