Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 1999-6
Relationships between coating composition,all weld metal properties,operational behaviour,and diffusible hydrogen in weld metal from rutile electrodes of types ANSI/AWS A5.1–91 E6013 and E7024
Manual rutile electrodes of types ANSI/AWS A5.1– 91 E6013 and E7024, which represent the highest percentage by weight of the total production of manual electrodes, have been manufactured for many years. Nevertheless, there are few publications of systematic studies to relate coating composition, operating behav iour, all weld metal properties, and diffusible hydrogen in the deposit. It is only recently that information of this kind has become available (as, for example, for E7018 electrodes). The present work is intended to summarise and review all studies on manual rutile electrodes presented in Subcommission II–A of the International Institute of Welding from 1994 to 1997. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the metallurgy of weld metal deposited by C–Mn steel welding electrodes.
‘Specification for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc welding’, ANSI/AWS A5.1–91, AWS, Miami, FL, USA, 1991.
4.
IbarraS., OlsonD. L., and GrubbsC. E.: Proc. 21st Annual Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, TX, USA, May 1989, Metallurgical Society of AIME, OTC 5889, 277–282.
5.
Sanchez-OsioA., LiuS., OlsonD. L., and IbarraS.: Proc. 12th Int. Conf. of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Glasgow, UK, 1993, Book no. G0679A–1993, 119–128; 1993, New York, NY, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
6.
RaminiN. M. De Rissone, P. Corvalan, and E. Surian: ‘Effect of the variation of the slag basicity of an AWS A5.1–91 E6013 type electrode’, IIW–IIS Document 11–A–929–94 (II–1262–95), 1994 (1995).
7.
BoniszewskiT., EvansG. M., and HartP. H. M.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 1: Effects of calcium carbonate’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–931–94 (II–1263–95), 1994 (1995).
8.
RaminiN. M. De Rissone, I. De S. Bott, C. F. J. Jorge, P. Corvalan, and E. Surian: Weld. J., 1997, 76, 498s–508s.
9.
FariasJ. P., DeP. S. S. Bálsamo, and A. Scotti: ‘AWS E6013 rutile electrodes: the effect of wollastonite. Part 2: On arc stability and economical characteristics’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–953–95, 1995.
10.
BoniszewskiT. and EvansG. M.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 2: Changes in toughness at constant strength’, IIW–IIS Document II–1263–95, 1995.
11.
BoniszewskiT. and EvansG. M.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 3: Deoxidation with silicon’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–948–95, 1995.
12.
BoniszewskiT. and ColvinP.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 4: Deoxidation with magnesium’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–949–95, 1995.
13.
BoniszewskiT. and MalsinghI.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 5: Deoxidation with titanium and magnesium’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–963–95, 1995.
14.
BoniszewskiT. and MalsinghI.: ‘Studies of AWS E6013 rutile electrodes. Part 6: Generation of acicular ferrite’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–975–96, 1996.
15.
BoniszewskiT. (ed.): ‘Round robin report electrode 1366 from Document II–A–963–95’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–984–96, 1996.
16.
BoniszewskiT. (ed.): ‘Modifications of electrode 1366 from Doc. II–A–963–95 using FeTi instead of Ti’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–991–96, 1996.
17.
ElvanderJ.: ‘Results from testing “1366” electrode’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–978–96, 1996.
18.
ElvanderJ.: ‘Results from testing “1366” electrode, part two’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–004–97, 1997.
19.
SurianE., MaranielloE., and BoniszewskiT.: Weld. J., 1995, 74, 279s–288s.
20.
SurianE.: Weld. J., 1997, 76, 404s–411s.
21.
MendezC. L. Da Silva, E. Surian, and J. P. Farias: in XXIII Encontro de Tecnologia da Soldagem, III Congresso do Mercosul, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1997 (in Spanish).
22.
‘Rules and regulations for the classification of ships’, Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, January 1994.
23.
EvansG.: Weld. J., 1980, 59, 67s–75s.
24.
TaylorD. S.: Weld. Met. Fabr., 1982, 50, 452–460.
25.
SurianE. and BoniszewskiT.: Weld. J., 1992, 71, 348s–363s.
26.
AbsonD. J. and EvansG. M.: ‘A study of the manganese-oxygen system in low hydrogen MMA all-weld metal deposits’, IIW–IIS Document II–A–770–89, 1989.
LiuS. and OlsonD. L.: Weld. J., 1986, 65, 139s–149s.
29.
FrostR. H., OlsonD. S., and LiuS.: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg, TN, USA, June 1992, ASM International, 205–209.
30.
AbsonD. J. and PargeterR. J.: ‘Factors influencing the as-deposited strength, microstructure and toughness of manual arc welds suitable for C–Mn steel fabrication’, IIW–IIS Document II–1092–87, 1987.
31.
BoniszewskiT.: Metall. Mater. Technol., 1979, 11, 640–643.
