Concrete may deteriorate due to inadequate design and construction practices, lack of maintenance, or because an inadequate concrete was specified. This review concentrates on the material aspects of concrete deterioration. The most common, and serious, cause of deterioration in structural concrete members is due to corrosion of reinforcing steel induced by chloride ion ingress into concrete. Other less common causes of deterioration in concrete are freeze–thaw attack, carbonation induced corrosion, alkali–silica reaction, and external and internal chemical attack. In the present review, the causes, diagnosis, and measures to minimise deterioration in new concrete construction are discussed.
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