From trial and error to computer modelling of thermomechanical processing

Abstract

Since the 1950s, thermomechanical processing in the iron and steel industry has progressed from being skills based, using results from trial and error development work, to being science based, using computer modelling for process optimisation and control, and prediction of product properties. Some of the steps in this evolution are illustrated in the lecture, using hot rolling, as the main example, because The University of Sheffield has been involved in research in this field over the whole of the period. As basic understanding of the physics of the microstructural changes, and the speed of computing have increased, there has been a continuing trend for more complex models to be used for offline optimisation and for online control and property prediction. Such models are now accepted as an economically valuable tool for thermomechanical processing.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Rossard

Blain

: Rev. Mét., 1958, 55, 573–594.

Jonas

Sellars

Tegart

WJMcG

: Metall. Rev., 1969, 14, 1–24.

Keane

Sellars

Tegart

WJMcG

: ‘Deformation under hot working conditions’, Special report no. 108, Iron and Steel Institution, London, UK, 1968, 21–28.

Farag

Sellars

Tegart

WJMcG

: ‘Deformation under hot working conditions’, Special report no. 108, Iron and Steel Institution, London, UK, 1968, 60–67.

Hardwick

Sellars

Tegart

WJMcG

: J. Inst. Met., 1961–62, 90, 21–22.

Luton

Sellars

: Acta Metall., 1969, 17, 1033–1043.

Sakai

Jonas

: Acta Mater., 1984, 32, 189–209.

Sah

Richardson

Sellars

: Met. Sci., 1974, 8, 325–331.

Sellars

: Proc. 7th Riso Int. Symp. on ‘Annealing processes-recovery, recrystallization and grain growth’, 167–187; 1986, Roskilde, Riso National Laboratory.

10.

Sellars

Tegart

WJMcG

: Int. Metall. Rev., 1972, 17, 1–24.

11.

Glover

Sellars

: Metall. Trans., 1973, 4, 765–775.

12.

Leduc

: ‘Rolling of titanium bearing steels’, PhD thesis, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, 1980.

13.

Harding

: ‘Temperature and structural changes during hot rolling’, PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, 1976.

14.

Beynon

Sellars

: ISIJ Int., 1992, 32, 359–367.

15.

Sellars

: ‘The Hatfield memorial lectures’, (ed. Beeley

), Vol. III, 143–164; 2005, Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Limited.

16.

Sellars

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1990, 6, 1072–1081.

17.

Sellars

: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Hot working and forming processes, (ed. Sellars

C M

Davies

G J

), 3–15; 1980, London, Metals Society.

18.

Beynon

Sellars

:Proc. 13th Riso Int. Symp. on ‘Materials science: modelling of plastic deformation and its engineering applications’( Andersen

S I

.), 13–26; 1992, Roskilde, Riso National Laboratory.

19.

McLaren

Sellars

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1992, 8, 1090–1094.

20.

Sun

Muszka

Wynne

Palmiere

: Scr. Mater., to be published.

21.

Dutta

Sellars

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1986, 2, 146–153.

22.

Dutta

Sellars

: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Physical metallurgy of thermomechanical processing of steels and other metals’ (Thermec-88), Tokyo, Japan, June 1988, Iron and Steel Institution of Japan, 261–268.

23.

Dutta

Sellars

: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1987, 3, 197–206.

24.

Rainforth

Black

Higginson

Palmiere

Sellars

Prabst

Warbicler

Hofer

: Acta Mater., 2002, 50, 735–747.

25.

Sellars

Palmiere

: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Microalloying for new steel processes and applications’, San Sebastian, Spain, September 2005, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 3–14.

26.

Sellars

: Proc. XVth Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Conf. on ‘Advanced materials and technologies’, Kraków-Krynica, Poland, May 1998, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Vol. 3, 100–107.