Electron and X-ray diffraction studies of oxide growth on a 20% Cr/25% Ni/Nb-stabilised austenitic steel in carbon dioxide at 750° and 850° are described. The results are interpreted in terms of a duplex structure comprising an inner rhombohedral Cr2O3-layer and an outer spinel oxide of the M2+(M3+)2O4 type. The influence of minor alloying elements, including rare earth metal additions, on the constitution and distribution of the surface oxide phases formed on the same basic steel is also discussed as a means of improving oxidation resistance.
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