Venous insufficiency (VI) is a pathology that is underappreciated and commonly missed sonographically. When performed correctly, a sonographic evaluation lends information that can provide a minimally invasive treatment option for the patient. The purpose of this case study is to provide an overview of the essential steps in the sonographic evaluation for VI, highlighting components specific to radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein.
Rumack C., Wilson S., Charboneau J.: Diagnostic Ultrasound. 3rd ed, vol. 1. St. Louis, MO, ElsevierMosby, 2005.
2.
Min R., Khilnani N., Golia P.: Duplex ultrasound evaluation of lower extremity venous insufficiency. J Vasc Interv Radiol2003;14:1233—1241.
3.
Rumwell C., McPharlin M.: Vascular Technology: An Illustrated Review. 3rd ed. Pasadena, CA, Davies Publishing, 2004.
4.
Zwiebel W., Pellerito J.: Introduction to Vascular Ultrasongraphy. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2005.
5.
Merchant R., Pichot O., for the Closure Study Group: Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment for superficial venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg2005;42:502—509.
6.
Lurie F., Creton D., Eklof B., et al: Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg2003;38:207—214.
7.
Morrison N.: VNUS closure of the saphenous vein, in Bergan J (ed): The Vein Book. New York, Elsevier, 2006, pp 283—290.
8.
Pichot O., Kabnick L., Creton D., Merchant R., Schuller-Petroviae S., Chandler JG: Duplex ultrasound scan findings two years after great saphenous vein radiofrequency obliteration. J Vasc Surg2004;39:189—195.
9.
Pichot O., Sessa C., Chandler JG, Nuta M., Perrin M.: Role of duplex imaging in endovenous obliteration for primary insufficiency . J Endovasc Ther2000;7:451—459.
10.
Coleridge-Smith P., Labropoulos N., Partsch H., Meyers K., Nicolaides A., Cavezzi A.: Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs—UIP consensus document: Part 1. Basic principles. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2006;31:83—92.