Abstract
A number of primary cancers have been implicated to originate from molecular sources within the mesothelial and germinal epithelial cell tissue layers of the serous lining of the peritoneum. The epithelial cell tissues that make up the peritoneum contain a rich vascular network. Through this vascular network, carcinomatosis dissemination and lymphangiogenesis can easily introduce infiltrates that activate tumor implantation within the peritoneal cavity and often concurrently invade primary organs of the body. Tumors encountered by sonographic imaging produce discrete hypoechoic nodules, irregular masses, and hypoechoic rind-like thickening of the peritoneum. In a substantial number of abdominal or pelvic malignancies, surgical treatment failure is isolated to the resection site or within peritoneal surfaces. This suggests that elimination of peritoneal surface spread at the time of surgical resection may have a substantial impact on the survival of these cancer patients.