Despite the fast growth of co-extruded film production, little research work has been
devoted to this process. Films of LDPE, ULDPE, LDPE/ULDPE and ULDPE/LDPE were
produced at various processing conditions. A continuous experimental set up was used
to evaluate the in-plane birefringence during bubble formation. The data collected
were used to derive the axial and transverse stresses. A non-isothermal Newtonian
model that allows the determination of the kinematics and dynamics of the two-layer
film blowing process was then used to calculate the axial and transverse stress.
Generally the calculated stresses are in agreement with the experimental values.
Ghaneh-Fard, A.
,
Carreau, P.J.
and
Lafleur, P.G.
(1997).
On-Line Birefringence Measurement in Film Blowing of a Linear Low Density Polyethylene
, Intern. Polymer Processing, XII(2):
136-146
.
2.
Babel, A.K.
and
Campbell, G.A.
(1993).
Correlating the Plastic Strain with the Properties of the Low and Linear
Low Density Polyethylene Blown Films
, Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting,
9(3):
246-258
.
3.
Kuijk, E.W.
,
Tas, P.P.
and
Neuteboom, P.
(1999).
A Rheological Model for the Prediction of PE B.F. Film Properties
, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 18(6):
508-517
.
4.
Han, C.D.
and
Park, J.Y.
(1975).
Studies on Blown Film Extrusion. III. Bubble Instability
, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
19(12):
3291-3297
.
5.
Cao, B.
and
Campbell, G.A.
(1989).
Air Ring Effect on Blown Film Dynamics
, Intern. Polymer Processing, 4(2):
114-118
.
6.
Pearson, J.R.A.
and
Petrie, J.S.
(1970).
The Flow of a Tubular Film. Part 1. Formal Mathematical Representation
, J. Fluid Mech., Part 1, 40:
1-19
.
7.
Pearson, J.R.A.
and
Petrie, J.S.
(1970).
The Flow of a Tubular Film. Part 2. Interpretation of the Model and
Discussion of Solutions
, J. Fluid Mech., Part 3, 42:
609-625
.
8.
Petrie, C.J.S.
(1973).
Memory Effect in a Non-uniform Flow, A Study of the Behaviour of a Tubular
Film of Viscoelastic Fluid
, Rheol. Acta, 12(2):
92-99
.
9.
Han, C.D.
and
Park, J.Y.
(1975).
Studies on Blown Film Extrusion. II. Analysis of the Deformation and Heat
Transfer Processes
, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
19(12):
3277-3290
.
10.
Andre, J.-M. (1999). Modélisation Thermomécanique et
Structurale du Soufflage de Gaine de Polyethylenes, These de Doctorat en Sciences et
Génie des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris.
11.
Laffargue, J. (2003). Etude et modelisation des instabilities du procede de
soufflage de gaine, These de Doctorat en Sciences et Génie des
Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris.
12.
Housiadas, K.
and
Tsamopoulos, J.
(2000).
Unsteady Extrusion of a Viscoelastic Annular Film. I. General Model and its
Numerical Solution
, J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech., 88(3):
229-259
.
13.
Housiadas, K.
and
Tsamopoulos, J.
(2000).
Unsteady Extrusion of a Viscoelastic Annular Film. II. Linearized Model and
its Numerical Solution
, J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech., 88(3):
303-325
.
14.
Yoon, K.S.
and
Park, C.W.
(1992).
Analysis of Isothermal Two-Layer Blown Film Coextrusion
, Polymer Engineering and Science,
32(23):
1771-1777
.
15.
Gamache, E. (2004). Evaluation de la birefringence en ligne et modelisation
du procede de soufflage de gaine multicouche, These en cotutelle: doctorat en genie
chimique, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; doctorat en Sciences et genie des
materiaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris.
16.
Nagarajan, G.
and
Campbell, G.A.
(1995).
Experimental Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Blown Film Process
, ANTEC 95, pp.
162-166
.
17.
Petrie, C.J.S.
(1975).
Comparison of Theoretical Predictions with Published Experimental
Measurements on the Blown Film Process
, AIChE Journal, 21(2):
275-282
.
18.
Zeppenfeld, T. (1971). Kunstsoffe, 16(3): 147.
19.
Sidiropoulos, V.
and
Vlachopoulos, J.
(2000a).
An Investigation of Venturi and Coanda Effects in Blown Film Cooling
, Intern. Polym. Process, 15(1):
40-45
.
20.
Sidiroupoulos, V.
and
Vlachopoulos, J.
(2000b).
The Effects of Dual-orifice Air-ring Design on Blown Film Cooling
, Polym. Eng. Sci., 40(7):
1611-1618
.
21.
Kanai, T.
and
White, J.L.
(1985).
Kinematics, Dynamics Heat Transfer and Structure Development in Tubular
Film Extrusion of Polymer Melts: A Mathematical Model and Predictions
, Journal of Polymer Engineering, 5(2):
135-157
.
22.
Menges, G.
and
Predohl, W.O.
(1972).
Heat Transfer on Blown Film and its Shrinkage Behaviour
, Plastverarbeiter, 23(5):
338-344
.
