Scholars have long observed that American audiences see fewer stories on major national news platforms that occur beyond U.S. borders, despite the proliferation of 24-hour cable news networks, digital platforms and mobile technology. However, as social media platforms open up more avenues to share and connect with global audiences, do U.S. legacy media organizations offer international news coverage on these channels? Guided by framing theory, this research examines how legacy national news media outlets use their social media platforms as a distribution tool to share and frame newsworthy images. The results suggest that U.S news organizations underutilize their social media platforms as a tool to share newsworthy international news images.
AhernT. J. (1984). Determinants of foreign coverage in U.S. newspapers. In StevensonR. L.ShawD. L. (Eds.), Foreign news and the new world information order (pp. 217–236). Iowa State University Press.
2.
Al-RawiA.Al-MusalliA.FakidaA. (2021). News values on Instagram: A comparative study of international news. Journalism and Media, 2(2), 305–320. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2020018
BardM. T. (2017). Propaganda, persuasion, or journalism? Fox News’ prime- time coverage of health-care reform in 2009 and 2014. Electronic News, 11(2), 100–118.
5.
BarnettG. A.XuW. W.ChuJ.JiangK.HuhC.ParkJ. Y.ParkH. W. (2017). Measuring international relations in social media conversations. Government Information Quarterly, 34(1), 37–44.
BaumM. A.ZhukovY. M. (2019). Media ownership and news coverage of international conflict. Political Communication, 36(1), 36–63.
8.
BloomT.ClearyJ.NorthM. (2016). Traversing the “Twittersphere”: Social media policies in international news operations. Journalism Practice, 10(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1017408
9.
BrantnerC.LobingerK.WetzsteinI. (2011). Effects of visual framing on emotional responses and evaluations of news stories about the Gaza conflict 2009. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88(3), 523–540.
10.
BursteinP. (2003). The impact of public opinion on public policy: A review and an agenda. Political Research Quarterly, 56(1), 29–40.
11.
CastelltortM.MäderG. (2010). Press media coverage effects on destinations: A monetary public value analysis. Tourism Management, 31(6), 724–738.
12.
ChangT. K.ShoemakerP. J.BrendlingerN. (1987). Determinants of international news coverage in the U.S. media. Communication Research, 14(4), 396–414.
13.
CinelliM.MoralesG. D.GaleazziA.QuattrociocchiW.StarniniM. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(9), 1–8.
14.
ClausenL. (2004). Localizing the global: “Domestication” processes in international news production. Media, Culture & Society, 26(1), 25–44.
15.
CookyC.MessnerM. A.MustoM. (2015). “It’s dude time!” A quarter century of excluding women’s sports in televised news and highlight shows. Communication & Sport, 3(3), 261–287.
16.
CranmerG. A.BrannM.BowmanN. D. (2014). Male athletes, female aesthetics: The continued ambivalence toward female athletes in ESPN’s The Body Issue. International Journal of Sport Communication, 7(2), 145–165.
EaglemanA. M. (2011). Stereotypes of race and nationality: A qualitative analysis of sport magazine coverage of MLB players. Journal of Sport Management, 25(2), 156–168.
EdwardsJ. A. (2018). Make America great again: Donald Trump and redefining the U.S. role in the world. Communication Quarterly, 66(2), 176–195.
21.
EndaJ. (2010). Retreating from the world. American Journalism Review, 32(4), 14–30.
22.
EntmanR. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
23.
FahmyS. (2010). Contrasting visual frames of our times: A framing analysis of English-and Arabic-language press coverage of war and terrorism. International Communication Gazette, 72(8), 695–717.
24.
FahmyS.KellyJ. D.KimY. S. (2007). What Katrina revealed: A visual analysis of the hurricane coverage by news wires and U.S. newspapers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(3), 546–561.
25.
FinkJ. S.KensickiL. J. (2002). An imperceptible difference: Visual and textual constructions of femininity in sports illustrated and sports illustrated for women. Mass Communication & Society, 5(3), 317–339.
26.
FinleyL.EspositoL. (2020). The immigrant as bogeyman: Examining Donald Trump and the right’s anti-immigrant, anti-PC rhetoric. Humanity & Society, 44(2), 178–197.
27.
FullertonJ.KendrickA.BroylesS. (2017). Attitude change among U.S. adults after the Castro-Obama announcement: The role of soft power in agenda setting. Palgrave Communications, 3, 1–9.
28.
GaltungJ.RugeM. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64–90.
29.
GelovaniS.ThoecharisY.Koc-MichalskaK.BimberB. (2024). Intergroup ethnocentrism and social media: Evidence from three Western democracies. Information, Communication, & Society, 28, 597–615.
30.
Gil de ZúñigaH.CorreaT.ValenzuelaS. (2012). Selective exposure to cable news and immigration in the U.S.: The relationship between Fox News, CNN, and attitudes toward Mexican immigrants. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 597–615.
31.
GillespieM.O’LoughlinB.HollowayR. (2015). Editorial Introduction: International news, social media and soft power: The London and Sochi Olympics as global media events. Sociology Compass, 12(1), 1–14.
32.
GitlinT. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left. University of California Press.
33.
GoffmanE. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.
GrahamT.BroersmaM. (2015). Tipping the balance of power: Social media and the transformation of political journalism. In BrunsA.EnliG.SkogerbøE.LarssonA. O.ChristensenC. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 89–103). Routledge.
HaltonD. (2001). International news in the North American media. International Journal, 56(3), 499–515.
38.
HardinM.ChanceJ.DoddJ. E.HardinB. (2002). Olympic photo coverage fair to female athletes. Newspaper Research Journal, 23(2–3), 64–78.
39.
HardinM.DoddJ. E.ChanceJ.WalsdorfK. (2004). Sporting images in black and white: Race in newspaper coverage of the 2000 Olympic Games. Howard Journal of Communications, 15(4), 211–227.
40.
HillJ. [@jemelehill]. (2023, June24). This situation in Russia makes it that much more noticeable the dearth of foreign affairs/international reporting here in the States: Lot of media outlets either eliminated or seriously downsized their foreign desks, which is why a lot of Americans right now aren’t able to fully grasp what’s happening. Twitter. https://twitter.com/jemelehill/status/1672632571409358848?s=42&t=KzidVOlUVj1mXRg-TybJoQ
41.
HongS. C.OhK. S. (2017). Determinants of sports coverage: Newsworthiness in U.S. media coverage of foreign athletes during the London 2012 Olympic Games. Journalism, 21(7), 933–949.
KerstenR.GreitmeyerT. (2022). Global news—global identity? The relationship between media consumption, perception of identity, and ethnocentrism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 53(1), 39–51.
46.
KhanM. H.QazalbashF.AdnanH. M.YaqinL. N.KhuhroR. A. (2021). Trump and Muslims: A critical discourse analysis of Islamophobic rhetoric in Donald Trump’s selected tweets. Sage Open, 11(1), Article 1004172. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211004172
47.
KimK.BarnettG. A. (1996). The determinants of international news flow: A network analysis. Communication Research, 23(3), 323–352.
48.
KimY. S. (2012). News images of the terrorist attacks: Framing September 11th and its aftermath in the Pictures of the Year International competition. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 20(3), 158–184.
49.
KinnickK. N. (1998). Gender bias in newspaper profiles of 1996 Olympic athletes: A content analysis of five major dailies. Women’s Studies in Communication, 21(2), 212–237.
50.
LiuX.YangY. E. (2015). Examining China’s official media perception of the United States: A content analysis of people’s daily coverage. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 20(4), 385–408.
51.
LombardM.Snyder-DuchJ.BrackenC. C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: Assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28, 587–604.
52.
LowreyW.Wan WooC. (2010). The news organization in uncertain times: Business or institution?Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(1), 41–61.
53.
MaoY.Menchen-TrevinoE.CroninJ. (2023). Communicating environmental issues across media: An exploration of international news flows between twitter and traditional media. The Journal of International Communication, 29(1), 39–61.
54.
Martin-KratzerR.ThorsonE. (2010). Patterns of news quality. International Media Communication in a Global Age, 2010, 160–176.
55.
McCombsM.GhanemS. I. (2001). The convergence of agenda setting and framing. In ReeseS.GandyO.Jr.GrantE. (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 83–98). Lawrence Erlbaum.
NuernbergkC. (2016). Political journalists’ interaction networks: The German federal press conference on Twitter. Journalism Practice, 10(7), 868–879.
62.
OttB. L.DickinsonG. (2019). The Twitter presidency: Donald J. Trump and the Politics of White Rage. Routledge.
63.
PaulussenS.HarderR. A. (2014). Social media references in newspapers: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube as sources in newspaper journalism. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 542–551.
SakuraiT. (2017). Cultural factors in the flow of international news: A review of the literature. In SHS web of conferences.
68.
SantanaA. D.DozierD. M. (2019). Mobile devices offer little in-depth news: Sensational, breaking and entertainment news dominate mobile news sites. Journalism Practice, 13(9), 1106–1127.
69.
SegevE. (2020). Textual network analysis: Detecting prevailing themes and biases in international news and social media. Sociology Compass, 14(4), Article e12779. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12779
TandocE. C.Jr.VosT. P. (2016). The journalist is marketing the news: Social media in the gatekeeping process. Journalism Practice, 10(8), 950–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1087811
WantaW.HuY. W. (1993). The agenda-setting effects of international news coverage: An examination of differing news frames. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 5(3), 250–264.
78.
WelbersK.van AtteveldtW.SchaperJ.RuigrokN.SchaperJ. (2015). New selection criteria in the digital age: Professional norms versus online audience metrics. Journalism, 17(8), 1037–1053.
79.
WilkeJ.RosenbergerB. (1994). Importing foreign news: A case study of the German service of the associated press. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 71(2), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100215
80.
WuH. D. (2007). A brave new world for international news? Exploring the determinants of the coverage of foreign news on U.S. websites. International Communication Gazette, 69(6), 539–551.
