Advancing energy democracy and citizenship in Africa: From policy goals to community-driven empowerment in energy transition

Abstract

This study reviews the development of energy citizenship and democracy in Africa. Utilizing the PRISMA approach, 441 records were identified and finally twenty-seven studies were the subject of a comprehensive literature review. Household renewable energy consumption, energy communities, energy transition movements, and energy policy are the four main categories determined by the investigation. Empirical findings indicate that decentralized systems greatly increase access to power in rural and off-grid areas, particularly in East and Sub-Saharan Africa. However, such systems are hindered by low local capacity, a shortage of spare parts, costly initial expenses and unsuitable designs. Energy communities function as solutions driven by citizens, and inclusive energy policies could boost legitimacy and facilitate Africa's shift to renewable energy.