Strategies and Implementation Considerations for Preventing Suicide in Slums: A Scoping Systematic Review

Abstract

Background

Suicide is a critical public health issue, particularly among vulnerable populations of all ages living in slums. People residing in these environments often face unique psychosocial challenges that contribute to elevated rates of suicidal ideation and behavior. This study aims to consider the strategies and implementation considerations for suicide prevention programs in slums.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework in 2024. Multiple electronic databases were searched systematically to identify studies focusing on suicide prevention strategies in slum populations. Studies were selected based on their relevance to suicide prevention, risk factors, and considerations for implementation. A narrative synthesis approach was applied to summarize the findings from the included studies.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included from an initial search of 3914 records screened. Synthesis of findings led to the identification of suicide control strategies for some target groups, including the general population, individuals at risk, and individuals with warning signs or previous suicide attempts. The strategies can be considered in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Strategies focus on enhancing mental health services access, promoting community awareness, reducing access to lethal means, and providing responsive crisis services.

Conclusion

Addressing suicide prevention in slum areas requires a multifaceted approach that considers the unique socio-economic contexts of these communities. Community-based interventions, enhanced healthcare access, and targeted mental health programs, adapted to the unique resource and structural constraints of slum environments, are crucial for reducing the incidence of suicidal ideation and behaviors.