HoDK, GhineaR, HerreraLJ, et al.Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva: A prospective clinical study. Sci Rep, 2015; 5(1):18498.
2.
FellerL, MasilanaA, KhammissaRA, et al.Melanin: The biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation. Head Face Med, 2014; 10(1):8.
3.
HaryoHM, DjaisAI, AdamAM. The comparison of some depigmentation techniques towards reccurence of gingival hyperpigmentation: A systematic review. MDJ, 2020; 9(2):114–117.
4.
SeveroMLB, De FrançaGM, DinizMNdO, Da SilveiraÉJD, CostaADLL. Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: Epidemiological survey of 172 cases with focus on differential diagnosis. JOI, 2020; 9(2):21.
5.
GoldarK, ChaubeyKK, AgarwalS, et al.Gingival depigmentation by gingival ceramic trimmer. Univ J Dent Sci, 2020; 6(1):43–48.
6.
HassanS, DhadseP, BajajP, et al.A comparison between the efficacy of scalpel and laser procedures for treating gingival hyperpigmentation: A case report. Cureus, 2022; 14(8):e27954.
7.
GufranK. A comparative evaluation of two different techniques for esthetic management of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation: A clinical study. J Dent Res Rev, 2016; 3(1):13–16.
8.
NarayankarSD, DeshpandeNC, DaveDH, et al.Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation by tetrafluroethane cryosurgery and surgical scalpel technique. A randomized clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent, 2017; 8(1):90–95.
9.
LukK, AnagnostakiE, LukK, et al.Impact of laser dentistry in management of color in aesthetic zone. In: lasers in dentistry—current concepts. Springer; 2024; pp. 507–532.
10.
GholamiL, MoghaddamSA, Rigi LadizMA, et al.Comparison of gingival depigmentation with Er, Cr: YSGG laser and surgical stripping, a 12-month follow-up. Lasers Med Sci, 2018; 33(8):1647–1656.
11.
BakhshiM, MojahediSM, AsnaashariM, et al.Gingival depigmentation by Er, Cr: YSGG laser and diode laser: A split mouth, clinical trial study lasers in gingival depigmentation. Laser Ther, 2018; 27(3):203–213.
12.
AltayebW, HamadahO, AlhaffarBA, et al.Gingival depigmentation with diode and Er, Cr: YSGG laser: Evaluating re-pigmentation rate and patient perceptions. Clin Oral Investig, 2021; 25(9):5351–5361.
13.
MuruppelAM, PaiBJ, BhatS, et al.Laser-assisted depigmentation—An introspection of the science, techniques, and perceptions. Dent J (Basel), 2020; 8(3):88.
14.
Mojahedi NasabSM, FrentzenM, MayrA, et al.Comparison of the diode laser wavelengths 445 nm and 810 nm in gingival depigmentation - A clinical evaluation. J Lasers Med Sci, 2023; 14:e63; doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.63
15.
JhZK, El-SayedW, AlkhabuliJ. Gingival depigmentation using diode 980 nm and erbium-YAG 2940 nm lasers: A split-mouth clinical comparative study. Int J Dent, 2021; 2021:9424793.
16.
Taher AghaM, PolenikP. Laser treatment for melanin gingival pigmentations: A comparison study for 3 laser wavelengths 2780, 940, and 445 nm. Int J Dent, 2020; 2020(1):3896386.
17.
RibeiroFV, CavallerCP, CasarinRC, et al.Esthetic treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with Nd: YAG laser or scalpel technique: A 6-month RCT of patient and professional assessment. Lasers Med Sci, 2014; 29(2):537–544.
18.
TranTH, NguyenQLD, DoTT, et al.Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser–assisted treatment for gingival melanin hyperpigmentation. Dent J (Basel), 2022; 10(12):238.
19.
CiosA, CieplakM, SzymańskiŁ, et al.Effect of different wavelengths of laser irradiation on the skin cells. Int J Mol Sci, 2021; 22(5):2437.
20.
ReicheltJ, WinterJ, MeisterJ, et al.A novel blue light laser system for surgical applications in dentistry: Evaluation of specific laser-tissue interactions in monolayer cultures. Clin Oral Investig, 2017; 21(4):985–994.
21.
FrentzenM, KrausD, ReicheltJ, et al.A novel blue light diode laser (445 nm) for dental application. Laser, 2016; 8(3):6–13.
22.
StrakasD, FranzenR. The blue wavelengths in laser dentistry: A review of current literature. Laser Dent Sci, 2023; 7(2):97–99.
23.
AshC, DubecM, DonneK, et al.Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods. Lasers Med Sci, 2017; 32(8):1909–1918.
24.
DummettCO, GuptaOP. Estimating the epidemiology of oral pigmentation. J Natl Med Assoc, 1964; 56(5):419–420.
25.
HaniokaT, TanakaK, OjimaM, et al.Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of children with parents who smoke. Pediatrics, 2005; 116(2):e186–e190.
26.
El ShenawyHM, NasrySA, ZakyAA, et al.Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation by diode laser for esthetical purposes. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 2015; 3(3):447–454.
27.
EsmatSA, El-SayedNM, FahmyRA. The power of pink: Transforming smile esthetics through laser-assisted gingival depigmentation. Alex Dent J, 2024.
28.
AhmedS, AlmoneaN, AlMarzooqR, et al.Use and success rate of lasers in the treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation: A systematic review. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci, 2023; 12(1):26–31.
29.
MoeintaghaviA, AhrariF, FallahrastegarA, et al.Comparison of the effectiveness of CO2 and diode lasers for gingival melanin depigmentation: A randomized clinical trial. J Lasers Med Sci, 2022; 13:e8; doi: 10.34172/jlms.2022.08
30.
NammourS, El MobadderM, NamourM, et al.A randomized comparative clinical study to evaluate the longevity of esthetic results of gingival melanin depigmentation treatment using different laser wavelengths (diode, CO2, and Er: YAG). Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, 2020; 38(3):167–173.
JurczyszynK, TrzeciakowskiW, WoźniakZ, et al.Assessment of effects of laser light combining three wavelengths (450, 520 and 640 nm) on temperature increase and depth of tissue lesions in an ex vivo study. Materials (Basel), 2020; 13(23):5340.
33.
XuX, JiangD-L, LiuG-X, et al.A novel 450 nm semiconductor blue laser system for application in colon endoscopic surgery: An ex vivo study of laser–tissue interactions. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, 2019; 37(1):25–30.
34.
MurthyMB, KaurJ, DasR. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with rotary abrasive, scalpel, and laser techniques: A case series. J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2012; 16(4):614–619.
35.
AtsawasuwanP, GreethongK, NimmanonV. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation for esthetic purposes by Nd: YAG laser: Report of 4 cases. J Periodontol, 2000; 71(2):315–321.
36.
RpM, KV. Spectral dependence of laser light on light tissue interactions and its influence on laser therapy: An experimental study. Insights Biomed, 2020; 5(1).
37.
HaqueAU, RastogiPK, LalN, et al.Blue laser-assisted depigmentation of gingiva using non-ablative technique. BMJ Case Rep, 2024; 17(10):e260493.
38.
GeevargheseA, BaskaradossJK, AlsalemM, et al.Perception of general dentists and laypersons towards altered smile aesthetics. J Orthod Sci, 2019; 8(1):14.
39.
ChandraGB, VinayKumarMB, WalavalkarNN, et al.Evaluation of surgical scalpel versus semiconductor diode laser techniques in the management of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation: A split-mouth randomized clinical comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol, 2020; 24(1):47–53.
40.
LinYH, TuYK, LuCT, et al.Systematic review of treatment modalities for gingival depigmentation: A random‐effects P oisson regression analysis. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2014; 26(3):162–178.
