Sexual and gender diversity is greater in Autistic populations than in non-autistic populations, yet little research has been conducted to understand what resources related to sexual and gender identity may promote well-being and flourishing among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+) Autistic people. We characterized sample sexual and gender diversity and tested associations of LGBTQIA+ personal and social identity dimensions with well-being outcomes using a strengths-based approach.
Methods:
Using a subsample of Autistic participants (n = 98; ages 16–54) of the Queer Joy Project conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand and the United States (2023–2024), linear regression tested associations between LGBTQIA+ identity dimensions (centrality, cognitive clarity, affective pride, behavioral engagement, and interpersonal closeness) and holistic well-being, flourishing, and life satisfaction.
Results:
The sample was 72% transgender, 40% nonbinary, 33% asexual spectrum, and 26% Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color. LGBTQIA+ personal and social identity dimensions significantly predicted well-being (β = 0.30), flourishing (βs = 0.25–0.40), and life satisfaction (βs = 0.30–39). Behavioral engagement with LGBTQIA+ people, community, and culture, a social identity dimension, was the strongest and most consistent predictor of well-being outcomes. Well-being outcomes were lower among participants who were asexual or experiencing economic insecurity.
Conclusion:
Facilitating personal sexual and gender identity development and integration and connection with LGBTQIA+ others may be important processes for promoting and supporting well-being and flourishing for LGBTQIA+ Autistic people. Services and programming for Autistic adolescents and adults should be attuned to the unique needs of LGBTQIA+ Autistic adolescents and adults and the opportunities for promoting well-being through facilitation of LGBTQIA+ identity development and social connections.
Community Brief
Why is this an important issue?
Other research has shown that there are a lot of Autistic people who are also LGBTQIA+. Understanding what happens in the lives of people with both of these identities can help improve our ability to best support these people in nurturing joy in their lives.
What was the purpose of this study?
This study aimed to understand the demographic information of who LGBTQIA+ adolescents and adults are and to examine how that relates to positive wellness outcomes for them. This study used an international sample from the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand.
What did the researchers do?
We performed a secondary analysis of data produced from an online survey to look specifically at the responses from LGBTQIA+ Autistic people (n = 98). The purpose of the original survey was to examine the positive experiences of LGBTQIA+ individuals and included both survey questions and brief free-writing and open-ended responses.
What were the results and conclusions of the study?
The results of this study show a link between LGBTQIA+ identity-related experiences (e.g., identity pride, closeness to other LGBTQIA+ people) and positive outcomes for Autistic people, including well-being, flourishing, and life satisfaction. Results also showed evidence that economic stability and asexual identity are connected to positive outcomes.
What is new or controversial about these findings?
This study shows that LGBTQIA+ identity creates positive experiences for Autistic people, when many other studies focus on the negative experiences related to being LGBTQIA+ and Autistic.
What are potential weaknesses in the study?
This study’s sample may not be representative of the community of Autistic LGBTQIA+ people as a whole. In addition, questions on the survey focused on LGBTQIA+ identity, and did not ask in particular about experiences with Autism, which could mean that some parts of how Autistic LGBTQIA+ people experience both parts of their identities could be left out.
How will these findings help Autistic adults now or in the future?
Understanding what helps to bring joy to these Autistic LGBTQIA+ people can help with understanding how we can help other Autistic LGBTQIA+ people to find joy. By understanding both the things that are related to greater joy and the areas where there are additional challenges, we can point to key areas to help support people in nurturing joy in their lives and identities.
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