Spain has some of the longest working days in the European Union and this presents problems for women employees, especially with regard to their work–life balance. Teleworking has been introduced as a possible solution. Our article analyses this working relationship and shows how female teleworkers produce new interpretations of time, space and agency. When it comes to time, we conclude that there is ‘gendered time’ and ‘resistance time’. This (a) illustrates how women who telework deploy different approaches in the way they relate to their temporal, spatial and material worlds, and (b) defines a particular type of agency associated with teleworking that vindicates their condition as both female workers and mothers, and denounces a patriarchal labour model designed by and for men.
Adecco (2016) Informe Adecco sobre el futuro del trabajo en España. Report, The Adecco Group, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
2.
AlbertREscotLFernándezJAet al. (2010) Las políticas de conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral desde la perspectiva del empleador. Problemas y ventajas para la empresa. Cuadernos de Trabajo2.
3.
ArtazcozLCortèsIEscribà-AgüirVet al. (2013) Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: Between-country differences. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health39(4): 369–378.
4.
BaileyDKurlandN (2002) A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior23(4): 383–400.
5.
BaruchY (2001) The status of research on teleworking and an agenda for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews3(2): 113–129.
6.
BelzuneguiA (2008) Teletrabajo en España, acuerdo marco y administración pública. Revista Internacional de Organizaciones1: 129–148.
7.
BoltanskiLChiapelloE (2002) El Nuevo Espíritu del Capitalismo. Madrid: Akal.
8.
BoltanskiLThévenotL (1999) The Sociology of Critical Capacity. European Journal of Social Theory2(3): 355–377.
9.
BorrasVMorenoSCastellóLet al. (2012) Male hegemony in decline? Reflections on the Spanish case. Men and Masculinities15(4): 406–423.
10.
BrannenJ (2005) Time and the negotiation of work–family boundaries: Autonomy or illusion?Time & Society14(1): 113–131.
11.
BrocklehurstM (2001) Power, identity and new technology homework: Implications for ‘new forms’ of organizing. Organization Studies22(3): 445–466.
12.
CarrascoCDomínguezM (2015) Measured time, perceived time: A gender bias. Time & Society24(3): 326–347.
13.
ClearFDicksonK (2005) Teleworking practice in small and medium-sized firms: Management style and worker autonomy. New Technology, Work and Employment20(3): 218–233.
14.
De CerteauM (2011) The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
15.
Del ÁguilaARBruqueSPadillaA (2002) An analysis of teleworking centres in Spain. Facilities20(11/12): 394–399.
16.
DrobnicSGuillénAM (2011) Tensions between work and home: Job quality and working conditions in the institutional contexts of Germany and Spain. Social Politics18(2): 232–268.
17.
DuránMJ (2010) Tiempo de Vida y Tiempo de Trabajo. Bilbao: Fundación BBVA.
18.
DuxburyLHalinskiM (2014) When more is less: An examination of the relationship between hours in telework and role overload. Work48: 91–103.
19.
EllisonNB (2004) Telework and Social Change: How Technology is Reshaping the Boundaries Between Home and Work. Westport, CT: Praeger.
20.
ErärantaKMoisanderJ (2011) Psychological regimes of truth and father identity: Challenges for work/life integration. Organization Studies32(4): 509–526.
21.
Eurofound (2017a) Work–Life Balance and Flexible Working Arrangements in the European Union. Dublin: Eurofound.
22.
Eurofound (2017b) Working Anytime, Anywhere: The Effects on the World of Work. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
23.
European Commission (2017) 2017 Report on equality between women and men in the EU. Belgium: European Union.
24.
Eurostat (2013) European Social Statistics. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
FelsteadAJewsonN (2000) In Work at Home: Towards an Understanding of Homeworking. London: Routledge.
27.
FelsteadAFullerAJewsonNet al. (2009) Mind the gap: Personal and collective identities at work. Studies in the Education of Adults41(1): 6–20.
28.
FelsteadAJewsonNWaltersS (2005) Changing Places of Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
29.
FonnerKStacheL (2012) All in a day’s work, at home: Teleworkers’ management of micro role transitions and the work–home boundary. New Technology, Work and Employment27(3): 242–257.
30.
Foro efr de la Fundación Másfamilia (2012) El libro blanco del teletrabajo en España. Report, Fundación Másfamilia, Madrid, Spain, June.
31.
FoucaultM (2014) Surveillance and Punishment. New York: Vintage Books.
32.
GálvezAMartínezMJPérezC (2012) Telework and work–life balance: Some dimensions for organisational change. Journal of Workplace Rights16(3–4): 273–297.
33.
GoldMMustafaM (2013) Work always wins: Client colonisation, time management and the anxieties of connected freelancers. New Technology, Work and Employment28(3): 197–211.
34.
GothoskarS (2000) Teleworking and gender: Emerging issues. Economic and Political Weekly35(26): 2293–2298.
35.
GreenEAdamA (1998) Online leisure: Gender and ICTs in the home. Information and Communication Society18(3): 291–312.
36.
GuillénAM (2010) Defrosting the Spanish welfare state: The weight of conservative components. In: PalierB (ed.) A Long Goodbye to Bismarck: The Politics of Welfare Reforms in Continental Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, pp. 183–206.
37.
GursteinP (2001) Wired to the World, Chained to the Home: Telework in Daily Life. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
38.
HalfordS (2005) Hybrid workspace: Re-spatialisations of work, organisation and management. New Technology, Work and Employment20(1): 19–33.
39.
HardhillI (2003) Editorial: Teleworking. New Technology, Work and Employment18(3): 156–157.
40.
HilbrechtMShawSJohnsonLet al. (2008) ‘I’m home for the kids’: Contradictory implications for work–life balance of teleworking mothers. Gender, Work & Organization15(5): 545–476.
41.
HilbrechtMShawSMJohnsonLet al. (2013) Remixing work, family and leisure: Teleworkers’ experiences of everyday life. New Technology, Work and Employment28(2): 130–144.
42.
HochschildAR (2001) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books.
43.
HuwsUPodroSGunnarssonEet al. (1996) Teleworking and Gender. Brighton: Institute for Employment Studies.
44.
IbrahimY (2012) Temporality, space and technology: Time–space discourses of call centres. New Technology, Work and Employment27(1): 23–35.
45.
INE (2009) Encuesta de empleo del tiempo 2009-2010. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
46.
JaaksonKKallasteE (2010) Beyond flexibility: Reallocation of responsibilities in the case of telework. New Technology, Work and Employment25(3): 196–209.
47.
KallinikosJ (2003) Work, human agency and organizational forms: An anatomy of fragmentation. Organization Studies24(4): 595–618.
48.
LewisJCampbellMHuertaC (2008) Patterns of paid and unpaid work in Western Europe: Gender, commodification, preferences and the implications for policy. Journal of European Social Policy18(1): 21–37.
49.
LewisS (2001) Restructuring workplace cultures: The ultimate work–family challenge?Women in Management Review16(1): 21–29.
LópezNPérez-SimonMCNagham-NgwessitcheuEGet al. (2014) Teleworking, an approach from the perspective of occupational health. Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo60(236): 587–599.
52.
LuqueMGinèsA (2016) Teletrabajo y prevención de riesgos laborales. Report, CEOE, Madrid, Spain.
53.
MalenfantR (2009) Risk, control and gender: Reconciling production and reproduction in the risk society. Organization Studies30(2–3): 205–226.
54.
MañasEGarridoR (2008) La compatibilidad entre trabajo y vida personal un nuevo reto para las empresas españolas. Economía Industrial367: 167–184.
55.
MarshKMussonG (2008) Men at work and at home: Managing emotion in telework. Gender, Work & Organization15(1): 31–48.
56.
MartínezAPérezMCarnicerPet al. (2006) Teletrabajo y flexibilidad: Efecto moderador sobre los resultados de la empresa. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa29: 229–262.
57.
Martínez-SánchezAPérez-PérezMVela-JiménezMJDe-Luis-CarnicerP (2008) Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management21(1): 7–31.
58.
MayoMGomez-MejiaLFirfiraySet al. (2016) Leader beliefs and CSR for employees: The case of telework provision. Leadership & Organization Development Journal37(5): 609–634.
59.
MeilGGarcíaCLuqueMAet al. (2008) Las grandes empresas y la conciliación de la vida laboral y personal en España. Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales71: 15–33.
60.
MeisenbachRJ (2010) The female breadwinner: Phenomenological experience and gendered identity in work/family spaces. Sex Roles62(2): 2–19.
61.
Merono-CerdanAL (2017) Perceived benefits of and barriers to the adoption of teleworking: Peculiarities of Spanish family firms. Behaviour & Information Technology36(1): 63–74.
62.
MessengerJC (2017) Working anytime, anywhere: The evolution of telework and its effects on the world of work. IUSLabor3: 301–312
63.
MessengerJCGschwindL (2016) Three generations of telework: New ICTs and the (r)evolution from home office to virtual office. New Technology, Work and Employment31(3): 195–208.
64.
MirchandaniK (2000) The best of both worlds and ‘cutting my own throat’: Contradictory images of home-based work. Qualitative Sociology23(2): 159–182.
65.
Moreno-ColomS (2017) The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks. Time & Society26(1): 3–27.
66.
MuffelsRCrouchCWilthagenT (2014). Flexibility and security: National social models in transitional labour markets. European Review of Labour and Research20: 99–114.
67.
MyrieJDalyK (2009) The use of boundaries by self-employed, home-based workers to manage work and family: A qualitative study in Canada. Journal of Family and Economic Issues30(4): 386–398.
68.
NansenBArnoldMGibbsMDavisH (2010) Time, space and technology in the working-home: An unsettled nexus. New Technology, Work and Employment25(2): 136–153.
69.
NättiJTammelinMAnttilaTOjalaS (2011) Work at home and time use in Finland. New Technology, Work and Employment26(1): 68–77.
70.
PattonMQ (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
71.
RosenfieldCLDe AlvesD (2011) Autonomia e trabalho informacional: O teletrabalho. Dados–Revista de Ciencias Sociais54(1): 207–233.
72.
RothbardNPhillipsKDumasT (2005) Managing multiple roles: Work–family policies and individuals. Desires for segmentation. Organization Science16(3): 243–258.
73.
RyanGBernardR (2003) Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods15(1): 85–106.
74.
SerresM (1995) Conversations on Science, Culture and Time. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
75.
SullivanC (2003) What’s in a name? Definitions and conceptualisations of teleworking and homeworking. New Technology, Work and Employment18(3): 158–165.
76.
SullivanCLewisS (2001) Home-base telework, gender, and the synchronization of work and family: Perspectives of teleworkers and their co-residents. Gender, Work & Organitzation8(2): 123–145.
77.
ThévenotL (2001) Pragmatic regimes governing the engagement with the world. In: Knorr CetinaKSchatzkiTHVon SavignyE (eds) The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. London: Routledge, pp. 56–73.
78.
ThévenotL (2007) The plurality of cognitive formats and engagements: Moving between the familiar and the public. European Journal of Social Theory10(3): 409–423.
ThompsonEP (2004) Temps, Discipline du Travail et Capitalisme Industrielle. Paris: La Fabrique.
81.
TietzeSMussonG (2005) Recasting the home–work relationship: A case of mutual adjustment?Organization Studies26(9): 1331–1352.
82.
TietzeSMussonG (2010) Identity, identity work and the experience of working from home. Journal of Management Development29(2): 148–156.
83.
TornsTRecioC (2012) Las desigualdades de género en el mercado de trabajo: Entre la continuidad y la transformación. Revista de Economía Crítica14: 178–202
84.
TremblayD (2004) Work–family balance: What are the sources of difficulties and what could be done?Research Note nº 2004-03, pp. 1–26. Canada Research Chair on the Socio-Organizational Challenges of the Knowledge Economy.
85.
VincentS (2016) Bourdieu and the gendered social struture of working time: A study of self-employed human resources professionals. Human Relations69(5): 1163–1184.
86.
WhittleAMuellerF (2009) I could be dead for two weeks and my boss would never know: Telework and the politics of representation. New Technology, Work and Employment24(2): 131–143.
87.
WilsonMGreenhillA (2004) Gender and teleworking identities in the risk society: A research agenda. New Technology, Work and Employment19(3): 207–221.
88.
WonSY (2012) Gendered working-time arrangements and their policy implications: Korean experiences. Time & Society21(3): 285–307.
