Most organizations invest in leadership training and development initiatives, but which programs are worth the money is not always clear. To help leaders and policymakers make informed decisions about their leadership investments, we review empirical research from the organizational sciences and provide evidence-based guidance regarding the appropriate design and delivery of such interventions. Leadership training and development are distinct initiatives based on different needs and targeted at distinct albeit interrelated goals. We describe important characteristics of both kinds of interventions, detailing features with the most potential for influencing effectiveness and maximizing returns. Our recommendations provide clear and actionable suggestions for choosing the right interventions, providing the necessary resources to set the stage for success, and evaluating such programs.
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