This article connects separate research avenues by clustering the organizational change literature into three key themes and concepts: change types, change enablers and change outcomes. A survey was designed to understand the current position of a change initiative: a well-established change initiative versus a completed change initiative. Addressing research gaps identified by seminal authors, this article investigates the relationship between strategic human resource management concepts of double fit—both vertical and horizontal—and flexible human resource (HR) practices, as enablers of change and the impact on organizational change success, a potential new outcome variable. Based on analyses of a sample of 348 firms from 40 countries, the results of structural equation modelling show a positive and statistically significant relationship between double fit and HR flexibility with organizational change success. This article contributes to both theory and practice by demonstrating how double fit and HR flexibility enable organizations to adapt to both external and internal change.
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