This article uses stakeholder and legitimacy theories to examine CEO characteristics, family-controlled firms and employer-support volunteerism in India. A sample size of 800 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2019 utilizes multivariant regression for data interpretation. Our results suggest that CEO duality is statistically insignificant to influence employer-support volunteerism. Second, ageing CEOs have a statistically significant and positive effect on influencing employer-support volunteerism in India. Third, male CEOs have a statistically significant and positive effect on influencing employer-support volunteerism in India. Fourth, family firms are insignificant to influence employer-support volunteerism. However, in a moderating study, family-controlled firms reduce the efficiency in CEO duality towards employer-support volunteerism in India. Fifth, the interactive study shows that ageing and male CEOs in family firms positively influence employer-support volunteerism. Regarding the control variables, we found that firm size and type of industry are sensitive to employer-support volunteerism in India. The study implies that a CEO non-duality can better address support for volunteerism. Similarly, the characteristics of ageing CEOs are associated with experience and the general desire to undertake volunteerism. Likewise is the engagement of male CEOs who pursue community engagement better than female CEOs. The implication from the study to shareholders and any party interest (example: community) seeking a firm to pursue CSR activities through volunteerism must support CEO non-duality, ageing CEOs and male CEOs’ engagements. Also, family or non-family firms still benefit from undertaking volunteerism when the firms engage ageing CEOs and male CEOs. The results of the study are robust after controlling for firm-specific variables.
AdelC., HussainM. M., MohamedE. K. A., & BasuonyM. A. K. (2019). Is corporate governance relevant to the quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure in large European companies?International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 27(2), 301–332. 10.1108/IJAIM-10-2017-0118
2.
AdomakoS., & NguyenN. P. (2020). Politically connected firms and corporate social responsibility implementation expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ghana. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2701–2711. 10.1002/csr.1994
3.
AngoodP. B. (2015). From the CEO: The value of volunteering. Physical Leadership Journal, 2(2), 4–6.
4.
ArtisK., & LeeS. H. (2020). Motivations of federal workers to volunteer in public sector special events. Event Management, 24(1), 33–46. 10.3727/152599519X15506259855904
5.
BaronR. M., & KennyD. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research. Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
6.
BasilD. Z., RunteM. S., BasilM., & UsherJ. (2011). Company support for employee volunteerism: Does size matter?Journal of Business Research, 64(1), 61–66. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.10.002
7.
BasilD. Z., RunteM. S., EaswaramoorthyM., & BarrC. (2009). Company support for employee volunteering: A national survey of companies in Canada. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 387–398. 10.1007/s10551-008-9741-0
8.
BavikA. (2019). Corporate social responsibility and service-oriented citizenship behaviour: A test of dual explanatory paths. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 80, 173–182. 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.11.014
9.
BoštjančičE., AntolovićS., & ErčuljV. (2018). Corporate volunteering: Relationship to job resources and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1884. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01884
10.
BreitsohlH., & EhrigN. (2017). Commitment through Employee Volunteering: Accounting for the Motives of Inter-Organisational Volunteers. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 260–289. 10.1111/apps.12092
11.
BurgstallerJ., & WagnerE. (2015). How do family ownership and founder management affect capital structure decisions and adjustment of SMEs? Evidence from a bank-based economy. Journal of Risk Finance, 16(1), 73–101. 10.1108/JRF-06-2014-0091
12.
CaligiuriP., MencinA., & JiangK. (2013). Win-win-win: The influence of company-sponsored volunteerism programs on employees, NGOs, and business units. Personnel Psychology, 66(4), 825–860. 10.1111/peps.12019
13.
Castelló-ClimentA. (2019). The age structure of human capital and economic growth. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 81(2), 394–411. 10.1111/obes.12274
14.
ChenS., ChenX., & ChengQ. (2008). Do family firms provide more or less voluntary disclosure?Journal of Accounting Research, 46(3), 499–536. 10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00288.x
15.
ClineB. N., & YoreA. S. (2016). Silverback CEOs: Age, experience, and firm value. Journal of Empirical Finance, 35, 169–188. 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
16.
CookJ., & BurchellJ. (2018). Bridging the gaps in employee volunteering: Why the third sector doesn’t always win. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 47(1), 165–184. 10.1177/0899764017734649
17.
CycyotaC. S., FerranteC. J., & SchroederJ. M. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and employee volunteerism: What do the best companies do?Business Horizons, 59(3), 321–329. 10.1016/j.bushor.2016.01.004
18.
DamodarG. (2004). Basic econometrics (4th ed.). The McGraw-Hill Companies.
19.
DaviesG., MeteM., & WhelanS. (2018). When employer brand image aids employee satisfaction and engagement. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 5(1), 64–80. 10.1108/JOEPP-03-2017-0028
20.
Diéguez-SotoJ., ManzanequeM., & Rojo-RamírezA. A. (2016). Technological innovation inputs, outputs, and performance: The moderating role of family involvement in management. Family Business Review, 29(3), 327–346. 10.1177/0894486516646917
21.
DoughertyC. (2017). Introduction to econometrics (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
22.
ErksR. L., AllenJ. A., HarlandL. K., & PrangeK. (2020). Do volunteers volunteer to do more at work? The relationship between volunteering, engagement, and OCBs. Voluntas. 10.1007/s11266-020-00232-7
23.
FahadP., & RahmanP. M. (2020). Impact of corporate governance on CSR disclosure. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 17(2–3), 155–167. 10.1057/s41310-020-00082-1
24.
FrancoeurC., LiY., SingerZ., & ZhangJ. (2022). Earnings forecasts of female CEOs: Quality and consequences. Review of Accounting Studies. 10.1007/s11142-021-09669-7
25.
GaliaR. (2016). A case study in self-construction of volunteering employees as a mechanism of managerial control. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 7(4), 316–335. 10.1504/IJWOE.2016.081840
26.
Gatignon-TurnauA.-L., & MignonacK. (2015). (Mis)Using employee volunteering for public relations: Implications for corporate volunteers’ organizational commitment. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 7–18. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.013
27.
Glińska-NeweśA., & GórkaJ. (2020). Capabilities of corporate volunteering in strengthening social capital. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(18), Art no. 7482. 10.3390/SU12187482
28.
Green Clean Guide. (2011). GRI based sustainability reporting in India. http://greencleanguide.com/gri-based-sustainability-reporting-in-india
29.
Haski-LeventhalD., KachA., & PournaderM. (2019). Employee need satisfaction and positive workplace outcomes: The role of corporate volunteering. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(3), 593–615.
30.
HoughtonS. M., GabelJ. T. A., & WilliamsD. W. (2009). Connecting the two faces of CSR: Does employee volunteerism improve compliance?Journal of Business Ethics, 87(4), 477–494. 10.1007/s10551-008-9954-2
31.
HuJ., JiangK., MoS., ChenH., & ShiJ. (2017). The motivational antecedents and performance consequences of corporate volunteering: When do employees volunteer and when does volunteering help versus harm work performance?Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 137, 99–111. 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.08.005
32.
HuangY. C., WongY. J., & YangM. L. (2014). Proactive environmental management and performance by a controlling family. Management Research Review, 37(3), 210–240. 10.1108/MRR-09-2012-0196
33.
JacksonG., & ApostolakouA. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in Western Europe: An institutional mirror or substitute?Journal of Business Ethics, 94(3), 371–394. 10.1007/s10551-009-0269-8
34.
KamelH., & ShahwanT. (2014). The association between disclosure level and cost of capital in an emerging market: Evidence from Egypt. Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 203–225.
35.
KendM. (2015). Governance, firm-level characteristics and their impact on the client’s voluntary sustainability disclosures and assurance decisions. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 6(1), 54–78.
36.
KhanA., MuttakinM. B., & SiddiquiJ. (2013). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(2), 207–223. 10.1007/s10551-012-1336-0
37.
KhanF. U., TrifanV. A., PanteaM. F., ZhangJ., & NoumanM. (2020). Internal governance and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Chinese companies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4), art 2261. 10.3390/su14042261
38.
KimJ., & KimT. (2016). Multi-level antecedents of company support for employee volunteering. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(1), 37–49.
39.
KnoxB. D. (2018). Employee volunteer programs are associated with firm-level benefits and CEO incentives: Data on the ethical dilemma of corporate social responsibility activities. Journal of Business Ethics. 10.1007/s10551-018-4005-0
40.
KosmidouV. (2020). A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between family firm generational involvement and performance. Management Research Review, 43(8), 971–987. 10.1108/MRR-07-2019-0306
41.
LiM., & YangJ. (2019). Effects of CEO duality and tenure on innovation. Journal of Strategy and Management, 12(4), 536–552. 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125084
42.
LiaoL., LinT. P., & ZhangY. (2018). Corporate board and corporate social responsibility assurance: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 211–225. 10.1007/s10551-016-3176-9
43.
LuL. (2015). Building trust and cohesion in virtual teams: the developmental approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 2(1), 55–72. 10.1108/JOEPP-11-2014-0068
44.
LuL., & FanH. L. (2017). Strengthening the bond and enhancing team performance: Emotional intelligence as the social glue. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 4(3), 182–198. 10.1108/JOEPP-10-2016-0062
45.
LuJ., & WangJ. (2021). Corporate governance, law, culture, environmental performance and CSR disclosure: A global perspective. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 70. 10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101264
46.
MalikF., WangF., NaseemM. A., IkramA., & AliS. (2020). Determinants of corporate social responsibility related to CEO attributes: An empirical study. SAGE Open, 10(1). 10.1177/2158244019899093
47.
McCallumS., SchmidM. A., & PriceL. (2013). CSR: A case for employee skills-based volunteering. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(3), 479–495. 10.1108/SRJ-04-2012-0053
48.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs. (2013). Companies Act, 2013. Government of India. http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/CompaniesAct2013.pdf
49.
MishraS., & SuarD. (2010). Does corporate social responsibility influence firm performance of Indian companies?Source Journal of Business Ethics Journal of Business Ethics, 95(95), 571–601. 10.1007/sl0551-010-0441-l
50.
NeffeC., WilderomC. P. M., & LattuchF. (2020). Leader behaviours of family and non-family executives in family firms. Management Research Review, 43(7), 885–907. 10.1108/MRR-12-2018-0468
51.
NgE. S., & SearsG. J. (2012). CEO leadership styles and the implementation of organizational diversity practices: Moderating effects of social values and age. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 41–52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41413207
52.
NothwehrF., & RohlmanD. (2019). Employer-supported volunteerism in rural worksites. Workplace Health and Safety. 10.1177/2165079919862295
53.
OliveiraM., ProençaT., & FerreiraM. R. (2021). Do corporate volunteering programs and perceptions of corporate morality impact perceived employer attractiveness?Social Responsibility Journal. 10.1108/SRJ-03-2021-0109
54.
ParsonsT. (1960). Structure and process in modern societies. American Journal of Sociology, 66(5).
55.
PelozaJ., & HassayD. N. (2006). Intra-organizational volunteerism: Good soldiers, good deeds and good politics. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(4), 357–379. 10.1007/s10551-005-5496-z
56.
PevnayaM., & Cernicova-BucaM. (2020). Corporate volunteering in the large enterprises’ social mission: The case of a post-Soviet Russian industrial region. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 14(1), 31–42. 10.2478/cejpp-2020-0001
57.
PlewaC., ConduitJ., QuesterP. G., & JohnsonC. (2015). The impact of corporate volunteering on CSR image: A consumer perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(3), 643–659. 10.1007/s10551-014-2066-2
58.
PTI. (2018, 14September. India ranks 3rd globally in terms of number of family-owned businesses. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/india-ranks-3rd-globally-in-terms-of-number-of-family-owned-businesses/articleshow/65807479.cms?from=mdr
59.
PwC. (2019). PwC India Family Business Survey 2019. https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/research-insights/fbs/2019/pwc-india-family-business-survey-2019.pdf
60.
QuiY., ShaukatA., & TharyanR. (2016). Environmental and social disclosures: Link with corporate financial performance. The British Accounting Review, 48, 102–116.
61.
RodellJ. B. (2013). Finding meaning through volunteering: Why do employees volunteer and what does it mean for their jobs?Academy of Management Journal, 56(5), 1274–1294.
62.
SekarS., & DyaramL. (2017). What drives employees to participate in corporate volunteering programs?Social Responsibility Journal, 13(4), 661–667. 10.1108/SRJ-06-2017-0097
63.
SerflingM. A. (2014). CEO age and the riskiness of corporate policies. Journal of Corporate Finance, 25, 251–273. 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
64.
ShabanaK. M., BuchholtzA. K., & CarrollA. B. (2016). The institutionalization of corporate social responsibility reporting. Business & Society, 1–29. 10.1177/0007650316628177
65.
ShahwanT. M. (2015). The effects of corporate governance on financial performance and financial distress: Evidence from Egypt. Corporate Governance, 15(5), 641–662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-03-2016-0005
66.
ShahwanT. M., & HassanY. (2013). Efficiency analysis of UAE banks using data envelopment analysis. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 29(1), 4–20.
67.
ShresthaB., & CihlarC. (2004). Volunteering in under-resourced rural communities. http://hdl.handle.net/2450/588
68.
StritchJ. M., & ChristensenR. K. (2016). Raising the next generation of public servants? Parental influence on volunteering behaviour and public service career aspirations. International Journal of Manpower, 37(5), 840–858. 10.1108/IJM-12-2014-0249
69.
Sustainability Outlook. (2019, 10October. BRR and sustainability report tracker for listed companies. http://www.sustainabilityoutlook.in/data-feeds%0D%0A%0D%0A
70.
ThosuwanchotN. (2021). Pressure to perform: Female CEOs and firm community engagement. Journal of Strategy and Management. 10.1108/JSMA-04-2021-0088
71.
VerhaegenP., & SalthouseT. A. (1997). Meta-analyses of age-cognition relations in adulthood. Estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 231–249.
72.
WisemanR. M., & Gomez-MejiaL. R. (1998). A behavioural agency model of managerial risk-taking. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 133–153. 10.5465/AMR.1998.192967
73.
WooldridgeJ. (2002). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. The MIT Press. https://jrvargas.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/wooldridge_j_2002_econometric_analysis_
